Viola riviniana

Viola riviniana. Binz, Rügen, Deutschland

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Malpighiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Malpighiales

Familia: Violaceae
Genus: Viola
Subgenus: V. subg. Viola
Sectio: V. sect. Viola
Subsectio: V. subsect. Rostratae
Species: Viola riviniana

Name

Viola riviniana Rchb., Iconogr. Bot. Pl. Crit. 1: 81, tab. xcv (1823).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Viola canina var. riviniana (Rchb.) Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 2: 264 (1826).
  • Viola sylvestris var. macrantha Wimm. & Grab., Fl. Siles. 1: 220 (1827), nom. superfl.
  • Viola canina subsp. riviniana (Rchb.) Schübl. & G.Martens, Fl. Würtemberg: 159 (1834).
  • Viola sylvestris subsp. riviniana (Rchb.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 91 (1836).
  • Viola sylvestris var. riviniana (Rchb.) W.D.J.Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv.: 84 (1836).
  • Viola silvatica var. riviniana (Rchb.) Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 72 (1860), nom. illeg.
  • Viola canina lusus riviniana (Rchb.) Regel, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 491 (1862).
  • Viola silvatica subsp. riviniana (Rchb.) Syme in J.E.Smith, Engl. Bot., ed. 3B, 2: 19 (1864), nom. superfl.
  • Viola silvatica var. riviniana (Rchb.) Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 459 (1867), nom. superfl.
  • Viola sylvestris proles riviniana (Rchb.) Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 3: 14 (1896).
  • Viola sylvestris subsp. riviniana (Rchb.) Tourlet, Cat. Pl. Vasc. Indre-et-Loire: 61 (1908), comb. superfl.
  • Viola silvatica proles riviniana (Rchb.) Samp., Bol. Soc. Brot. 24: 23 (1908), nom. superfl.
  • Viola canina proles riviniana (Rchb.) Samp., Fl. Port., ed. 2: 315 (1947).
• Heterotypic
  • Viola cordata Willd., Enum. Pl.: 264 (1809), nom. illeg.
  • Viola broussonetiana Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 5: 371 (1819).
  • Viola silvatica Fr. ex C.Hartm, Bot. Notiser 1841: 81 (1841).
  • Viola silvatica var. macrantha Fr., Novit. Fl. Suec. Mant. 3: 121 (1843).
  • Viola sylvestris var. macrantha Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 652 (1843).
  • Viola sylvestris subsp. nemorum Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 652 (1843).
    • Viola sylvestris var. nemorum (Döll) Döll, Fl. Baden 3: 1264 (1862).
  • Viola sylvestris var. crassa F.W.Schultz, Fl. Pfalz: 63 (1845).
  • Viola insularis Gren., Fl. France Corse 1: 178 (1847).
    • Viola silvatica subsp. insularis (Gren.) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 77 (1878).
    • Viola sylvestris subsp. insularis (Gren.) Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France 3: 15 (1896).
  • Viola silvatica var. grandiflora Gren. in J.C.M.Grenier & G.Gordon, Fl. France Corse 1: 178 (1847).
    • Viola sylvestris var. grandiflora (Gren.) Cadevall, Fl. Catalunya 1: 219 (1913).
  • Viola silvatica var. pygmaea Lange, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1865: 92 (1866).
    • Viola silvatica f. pygmaea (Lange) Samp., Ann. Sci. Acad. Polytecn. Porto 4(2): 121 (1909).
    • Viola sylvestris var. pygmaea (Lange) Lázaro Ibiza, Revista Real Acad. Ci. Madrid 17: 277 (1919).
  • Viola puberula Lange, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjøbenhavn 1881: 102 (1882).
    • Viola arenaria subsp. puberula (Lange) Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur., Suppl. 2: 45 (1889).
    • Viola rupestris subsp. puberula (Lange) W.Becker, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 189 (1906).
  • Viola riviniana var. nemorosa Neuman, Wahlst. & Murb., Violae Suec., Exs.:. 1 (1886).
    • Viola nemorosa (Neuman, Wahlst. & Murb.) G.H.Loos, Jahrb. Bochum. Bot. Vereins 1: 130 (2010).
  •  Viola caniniformis K.Richt., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 38: 221 (1888).
  • Viola silvatica var. rostrata Cout., Bol. Soc. Brot. 10: 30 (1892).
  • Viola silvatica var. adunca Kurtz, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 364 (1894).
  • Viola silvatica var. ericetorum Corb., Nouv. Fl. Normandie: 77 (1894).
  • Viola riviniana var. leucocentra Pinkw., Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 13: 105 (1895).
  • Viola reichenbachiana var. pubescens Pau, Not. Bot. Fl. Españ. 6: 24 (1895).
  • Viola canina var. pubescens Merino, Contr. Fl. Galicia: 46 (1897).
  • Viola subsessilifolia Lázaro Ibiza, Bol. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 6: 522 (1906).
  • Viola sylvestris f. albidotomentosa W.Becker, Oesterr. Bot. Z. 56: 189 (1906).
  • Viola silana Merino, Fl. Galicia 3: 521 (1909).
  • Viola guffroyi Rouy, Bull. Soc. Bot. France 58: 298 (1911).
  • Viola riviniana f. minor Murb. ex E.S.Gregory, Brit. Violets: 63 (1912).
    • Viola riviniana subsp. minor (Murb. ex E.S.Gregory) Valentine, New Phytol. 40: 208 (1941).
    • Viola riviniana var. minor (Murb. ex E.S.Gregory) Valentine, Watsonia 10: 389 (1975).
  • Viola sylvestris lusus incompleta Merino, Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 11: 112 (1912).
  • Viola sylvestris lusus semiglabra Merino, Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 11: 111 (1912).
  • Viola sylvestris subvar. stenophylla Merino, Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 11: 111 (1913).
  • Viola sylvestris var. ilerdensis Font Quer, Treb. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Sèr. Bot. 5(3): 206 (1920).
  • Viola sylvestris subsp. neglecta W.Becker, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 40: 53 (1924).
  • Viola sylvestris subsp. rosulata P.Fourn., Monde Pl. 33: 36 (1933).
  • Viola sylvestris var. longecalcarata P.Fourn., Monde Pl. 33: 36 (1933).
  • Viola silvatica var. ascoplectron Svent. ex Marcet, Bol. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 46: 378 (1948), nom. nud.
  • Viola riviniana f. prolifera Valentine, Watsonia 10: 389 (1975).
  • Viola riviniana f. sobolifera Valentine, Watsonia 10: 389 (1975).
  • Viola sequeirae Capelo, R.Jardim, J.C.Costa, Lousã & Rivas Mart., Silva Lusitana 21(2): 236 (2014).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland (Ireland, Northern Ireland), Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria (Austria, Liechtenstein), Belgium (Belgium, Luxembourg), Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia)), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia (Sicily), Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Hercegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Slovenia). Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States (Estonia, Kaliningrad, Lithuania, Latvia), Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine (Ukraine, Moldova). Continental: Africa Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia. Regional: Macaronesia Canary Islands ((Gomera, Hierro, La Palma, TenerifeD), Madeira (Madeira). Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Western Asia East Aegean Islands, Lebanon Syria (Lebanon). Continental: Australasia Regional: Australia Victoria (introduced). Continental: Northern America (introduced) Regional: Western Canada British Columbia. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Oregon, Washington. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. California. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Reichenbach, H.G.L. 1823. Iconographia botanica seu plantae criticae. Icones plantarum rariorum et minus rite cognitarum, florae europaeae, iconographia et supplementum, imprimis ad opera Willdenowii, Schkuhrii, Persoonii, Roemeri et Schultesii, delineatae, et cum commenatrio succincto editae. Centuria tabularum prima. Lipsiae/Leipzig: Fridericus/Friedrich Hofmeister. [VI] + 98 pp, tab. I–C. Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Viola riviniana in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2024 Jun 6. Reference page. 
• Tropicos.org 2024. Viola riviniana. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 6 Jun 2024.
• International Plant Names Index. 2024. Viola riviniana. Published online. Accessed: 6 Jun 2024.
• Hassler, M. 2024. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Viola riviniana. Accessed: 6 Jun 2024.
• Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Viola riviniana in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published online. Accessed: 2024 Jun 6.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Viola riviniana in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service.

Vernacular names

dansk: Krat-Viol
Deutsch: Hain-Veilchen
English: Common Dog-violet
eesti: Võsakannike
suomi: Metsäorvokki
français: Violette de Rivinus
Nederlands: Bleeksporig Bosviooltje
norsk nynorsk: Skogfiol
norsk: Skogfiol
polski: Fiołek Rivina
davvisámegiella: Vuovdeviola
svenska: Skogsviol

For more multimedia, look at Viola riviniana on Wikimedia Commons.