Ginkgo biloba

分类

分类: Ginkgoales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Ginkgophyta Classis: Ginkgoopsida Ordo: Ginkgoales

Familia: Ginkgoaceae
Genus: Ginkgo
Species: Ginkgo biloba

名

Ginkgo biloba L., Mant. Pl. 2: 313 (1771).

Type locality: "Habitat in Japonia. Gordon Hortul. angl. vivam arborem dedit."
Lectotype: Gordon, Herb. Linn. No. 1292B.2 (LINN), designated by Barrie in Jarvis & al. (ed.), Regnum Veg. 127 : 49 (1993).

异名

同模
- Salisburia adiantifolia Sm., Trans. Linn. Soc. 3: 330 (1797), nom. illeg.
- Salisburia biloba (L.) Hoffmanns., Verz. Pfl.-Kult.: 109 (1824).
- Salisburia ginkgo Rich., Comm. Bot. Conif. Cycad.: 133 (1826), nom. illeg.
- Pterophyllus salisburiensis J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 163 (1866), nom. illeg.
异模
- Salisburia adiantifolia var. laciniata Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 3: 412 (1854).
  - Ginkgo biloba var. laciniata (Carrière) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 712 (1867).
  - Ginkgo biloba f. laciniata (Carrière) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 24 (1887).
- Salisburia adiantifolia var. variegata Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris), sér. 4, 3: 412 (1854).
  - Ginkgo biloba var. variegata (Carrière) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 712 (1867).
  - Ginkgo biloba f. variegata (Carrière) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 25 (1887).
- Salisburia macrophylla Reyn., Cat. Sénécl.: 40 (1854).
- Salisburia adiantifolia var. pendula Van Geert, Nursery Cat. (Auguste Van Geert) 1862: 62 (1862).
  - Ginkgo biloba var. pendula (Van Geert) Carrière, Traité Gén. Conif., ed. 2: 713 (1867).
  - Ginkgo biloba f. pendula (Van Geert) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 24 (1887).
- Pterophyllus salisburiensis aurea J.Nelson, Pinaceae: 164 (1866).
  - Ginkgo biloba f. aurea (J.Nelson) Beissn., Handb. Conif.: 47 (1887).
  - Ginkgo biloba var. aurea (J.Nelson) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
- Ginkgo biloba aureovariegata Sénécl., Conifères: 81 (1868).
- Ginkgo biloba macrophylla-laciniata Sénécl., Conifères: 81 (1868).
- Ginkgo macrophylla K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 108 (1873).
- Ginkgo biloba var. macrophylla Hartw. & Rümpler, Bäume Sträucher: 664 (1875).
  - Ginkgo biloba f. macrophylla (Hartw. & Rümpler) Sprecher, Ginkgo biloba: 178 (1907).
- Ginkgo biloba var. fastigiata A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
  - Ginkgo biloba f. fastigiata (A.Henry) Rehder, Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 1 (1949).
- Ginkgo biloba var. triloba A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 1: 58 (1906).
- Ginkgo biloba var. latifolia L.Henry, Rev. Hort. (Paris), n.s., 11: 83 (1911).
- Ginkgo biloba var. longifolia L.Henry, Rev. Hort. (Paris), n.s., 11: 82 (1911).
- Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla Makino, J. Jap. Bot. 6: 5 (1929).
- Ginkgo biloba f. adiantifolia Sprecher ex Tobler, Ber. Deutsch. Bot .Ges. 58: 363 (1940).
- Ginkgo biloba f. microsperma Sugim., J. Geobot. 24: 61 (1977).
- Ginkgo biloba f. parvifolia Sugim., J. Geobot. 24: 61 (1977).

分布

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Romania (introduced).
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, China North-Central (introduced), China Southeast.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea (introduced).
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois (introduced).

参考文献: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

参考文献

基本参考

Linnaeus, C. 1771. Mantissa Plantarum Altera. Generum Editionis VI et Specierum Editionis II. Holmiae [Stockholm]. pp. [6] + 143–587, Appendix. BHL 参考页面.

扩展参考

Jarvis, C.E. 2007. Order out of Chaos: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types. London: Linnean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum, ISBN 978-0-9506207-7-0, 1016 pp. 参考页面.

链接

Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Ginkgo biloba in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2024 May 22. 参考页面.
Tropicos.org 2024. Ginkgo biloba. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 22 May 2024.
International Plant Names Index. 2024. Ginkgo biloba. Published online. Accessed 22 May 2024.
Hassler, M. 2024. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Ginkgo biloba. Accessed: 22 May 2024.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Ginkgo biloba in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

其他语言

العربية: جنكو
беларуская: Гінкга
български: Гинко
català: Ginkgo
čeština: jinan dvoulaločný
Cymraeg: Coeden ginco
dansk: Tempeltræ
Deutsch: Ginkgo
Ελληνικά: Γκίγκο
English: Maidenhair Tree, Gingko
español: Ginkgo
eesti: Hõlmikpuu
suomi: Neidonhiuspuu
français: Ginkgo
galego: Xinkgo
עברית: גינקגו דו אונתי
hrvatski: Dvorežnjasti ginko
magyar: páfrányfenyő
italiano: Ginkgo
日本語: イチョウ
ქართული: გინკგო
한국어: 은행나무
Lëtzebuergesch: Ginkgobam
lietuvių: Dviskiautis ginkmedis
latviešu: Ginki
Nederlands: Ginkgo
norsk: Tempeltre
polski: miłorząb dwuklapowy
português: Ginkgo
română: Ginkgo
русский: Гинкго двухлопастный
slovenčina: ginko dvojlaločné
slovenščina: Dvokrpi ginko
српски / srpski: Гинко
svenska: Kinesiskt Tempelträd
ไทย: แปะก๊วย
Türkçe: Mabet ağacı
українська: Гінкго дволопатеве
Tiếng Việt: Bạch quả
中文: 銀杏

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