Gerald Alfred Mulligan
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Gerald Alfred Mulligan (1928–2022), Canadian botanist.
Research Branch, Agriculture Canada (retired 1987, now emeritus Research Associate). Assistant Director, Biosytematics Research Institute 1973 to 1978. Director, Biosystematics Research Institute/Centre- 1978 to 1987.
IPNI standard form: G.A.Mulligan
Taxon names authored
(List may be incomplete)
Eponyms
(List may be incomplete)
Publications
[edit](List may be incomplete)
1950s
[edit]- Mulligan, G.A. 1952. Survey of common barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.) and European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) in eastern Ontario. Canada Department of Agriculture Bull. 23 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1952. Barberry and buckthorn surveys in southern Ontario. Proc. sixth meeting National Weed Committee, pp. 130–131.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1953. An example of hybridization in weeds. Proc. sixth meeting National Weed Committee, pp. 64–65.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1954. The glabrous nodding thistle, Carduus nutans var. leiophyllus in Saskatchewan. Res. Rept National Weed Committee, Western Section, p. 108.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Frankton, C. 1954. The plumeless thistles Carduus subsp.in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 68: 31–36.
- Lindsay, D.R. & Mulligan, G.A. 1955. Weed Survey in British Columbia. Res. Rept. National Weed Committee, Western Section, p. 125.
- Moore, R.J. & Mulligan, G.A. 1956. Natural hybridization between Carduus nutans and Carduus acanthoides in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 34: 71–85. DOI: 10.1139/b56-009
- Mulligan, G.A. 1957. Chromosome numbers in Canadian weeds I. Canadian Journal of Botany 35: 779–789. DOI: 10.1139/b57-064
- Mulligan, G.A. 1958. Chromosome numbers in the Chrysanthemum leucanthemum complex. Rhodora 60ː 122–125.
- Moore, R.J. & Mulligan, G.A. 1958. Study of natural hybridization between Carduus acanthoides and Carduus nutans. Proceedings International Congress of Genetics 2ː 193.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1959. Chromosome numbers in Canadian weeds II. Canadian Journal of Botany 37ː 81–92. DOI: 10.1139/b59-008
- Mulligan, G.A. & Bassett, I.J. 1959. Achillea millefolium complex in Canada and portions of the United States. Canadian Journal of Botany 37ː 73–80. DOI: 10.1139/b59-007
1960s
[edit]- Mulligan, G.A. 1960. Polyploidy in Canadian weeds. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 2ː 150–161.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1961. Chromosome numbers of Canadian weeds III. Canadian Journal of Botany 39ː 1057–1066. DOI: 10.1139/b61-092
- Mulligan, G.A. 1961. The genus Lepidium in Canada. Madroño 16ː 77–90.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Moore, R.J. 1961. Natural selection among hybrids between Carduus acanthoides and Carduus nutans in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Botany 39ː 269–279. DOI: 10.1139/b61-022
- Mulligan, G.A. & Frankton, C. 1962. Taxonomy of the genus Cardaria with particular reference to the species introduced into North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 40ː 1411–1425.
- Bassett, I.J., Mulligan, G.A. & Frankton, C. 1962. Poverty weed, Iva axillaris in Canada and the United States. Canadian Journal of Botany 40ː 1243–1249.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1964. Chromosome numbers of the family Cruciferae I. Canadian Journal of Botany 42ː 1509–1519.
- Moore, R.J. & Mulligan, G.A. 1964. Further studies on natural selection among hybrids of Carduus acanthoides and Carduus nutans. Canadian Journal of Botany 42ː 1605–1613.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Calder, J.A. 1964. The genus Subularia (Cruciferae). Rhodora 66ː 127–135.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1965. Chromosome numbers of the family Cruciferae II. Canadian Journal of Botany 43ː 657–668.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1965. In IOPB chromosome number reports V. Taxon 14ː 191–196.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1965. Recent colonization by herbaceous plants, pp. 127–146 in Baker, H.G., and G.I Stebbins The Genetics of Colonizing Species. Academic Press Inc., New York, 588 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1965. Chromosome numbers of the family Cruciferae III. Canadian Journal of Botany 44ː 309–319.
- Mulligan, G. A. 1966. Two new species of Physaria (Cruciferae) in Colorado. Canadian J. Botany 44(12): 1661–1665. DOI: 10.1139/b66-178 Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1966. In IOPB chromosome number reports VI. Taxon 15, page 118.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Porsild, A.E. 1966. Rorippa calycina in the Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Botany 44ː 1105–1106.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1967. Diploid and autotetraploid Physaria vitulifera (Cruciferae). Canadian Journal of Botany 45ː 183–188.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1967. Cytotaxonomy of Physaria acutifolia, P. chambersii, and P. newberryi (Cruciferae). Canadian Journal of Botany 45ː 1887–1898. DOI: 10.1139/b67-204
- Mulligan, G.A. 1967. Documented chromosome numbers of plants. Madroño 19; 134–136.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1967. Lawn weeds. News from Canada Department of Agriculture No. 1218ː 3–4.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1967. Poison Ivy. News from Canada Department of Agriculture No. 1222ː 8–10.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1967. In IOPB chromosome number reports XI. Taxon 16, page 222.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1967. In IOPB chromosome number reports XVI. Taxon 16ː pp. 564–568.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Frankton, C. 1967. Present status of tall wormseed mustard, Erysimum hieraciifolium in Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 45ː 755–756.
- Porsild, A.E., Harrington, C.R. & Mulligan, G.A. 1967. Lupinus arcticus grown from seed of Pleistocene age. Science 158ː 113–114.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1968. Transfers from Physaria to Lesquerella (Cruciferae). Canadian J. Botany 46(5)ː 527–530. DOI: 10.1139/b68-079 Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1968. Physaria didymocarpa, P. brassicoides, and P. floribunda (Cruciferae) and their close relatives. Canadian Journal of Botany 46: 735–740.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1968. Diploid and tetraploid chromosome races of Chrysanthemum leucanthemum s.l. Le Naturaliste Canadien 95: 793–795.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1968. Draba norvegica disjunct to the Mackenzie District, Northwest Territories, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 46: 1334–1335.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1968. In IOPB chromosome number reports XVII. Taxon 17, page 286.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Porsild, A.E. 1968. A natural first generation hybrid between Rorippa barbareaefolia and Rorippa islandica. Canadian Journal of Botany 46: 1079–1081.
- Calder, J.A., Taylor, R.L. & Mulligan, G.A. 1968. Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands. News from Canada Department of Agriculture No. 1266: 6–7.
- Taylor, R.L. & Mulligan, G.A. 1968. Flora of the Queen Charlotte Islands, part 2: cytological aspects of the vascular flora, Canada Department Agriculture Research Monog. No. 4, part 2. Queen's Printer, Ottawa. 148 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1969. In IOPB chromosome number reports XX. Taxon 18, page 220.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1969. The highest chromosome number known to occur in a North American plant. Canadian Field-Naturalist 83: 277–278.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Porsild, A.E. 1969. A new species of Lesquerella (Cruciferae) in northwestern Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 47(1): 215–216. DOI: 10.1139/b69-025 Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Porsild, A.E. 1969. Chromosome numbers of some plants from the unglaciated central Yukon Plateau, Canada. Canadian Journal of Botany 47: 655–662.
1970s
[edit]- Mulligan, G.A. 1970. Cytotaxonomic studies of Draba glabella and its close relatives in Canada and Alaska. Canadian J. Botany 48(8): 1431–1437. DOI: 10.1139/b70-215 Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1970. A new species of Draba in the Kananaskis Range of southwestern Alberta. Canadian J. Botany 48(10): 1897–1898. DOI: 10.1139/b70-277 Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1970. Wild garlic, Allium vineale, a new weed in Canada. Greenhouse Garden and Grass 9(2): 12.
- Frankton, C. & Mulligan, G.A. 1970. Weeds of Canada. Canada Department of Agriculture Publ. 948. 217 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Findlay, J.N. 1970. Sexual reproduction and agamospermy in the genus Draba. Canadian Journal of Botany 48: 269–270. DOI: 10.1139/b70-040
- Mulligan, G.A. & Findlay, J.N. 1970. Reproductive systems and colonization in Canadian weeds. Canadian Journal of Botany 48: 859–860. DOI: 10.1139/b70-119
- Mulligan, G.A. & Porsild, A.E. 1970. In IOPB chromosome number reports XXV. Taxon 19: pp. 111–112.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Porsild, A.E. 1970. In IOPB chromosome number reports XXVIII. Taxon 19: p. 609.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1971. Cytotaxonomic studies of the closely related Draba cana, D. cinerea, and D. groenlandica in Canada and Alaska. Canadian Journal of Botany 49: 89–93. DOI: 10.1139/b71-017
- Mulligan, G.A. 1971. Cytotaxonomic studies of Draba species of Canada and Alaska: D. ventosa, D. ruaxes, and D. paysonii. Canadian Journal of Botany 49: 1455–1460. DOI: 10.1139/b71-204
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1971. In IOPB chromosome number reports XXXIII. Taxon 20: pp. 613–614.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1972. Cytotaxonomic studies of Draba species in Canada and Alaska: D. oligosperma and D. incerta. Canadian Journal of Botany 50(8): 1763–1766. DOI: 10.1139/b72-218 Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1972. Autogamy, allogamy, and pollination in some Canadian weeds. Canadian Journal of Botany 50: 1767–1771. DOI: 10.1139/b72-219
- Cavers, P.B. & Mulligan, G.A. 1972. A new series: The biology of Canadian weeds. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 52: 651–654. DOI: 10.4141/cjps72-099
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1972. In IOPB chromosome number reports XXXV. Taxon 21: p. 163.
- Mulligan, G.A., Cinq-Mars, L. & Cody, W.J. 1972. Natural interspecific hybridization between a sexual and an apogamous species of the beech fern genus Phegopteris Fee. Canadian Journal of Botany 50: 1295–1300. DOI: 10.1139/b72-158
- Mulligan, G.A. & Frankton, C. 1972. Chromosome races in Rumex arcticus (Polygonaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany 50: 378–380. DOI: 10.1139/b72-053
- Mulligan, G.A., Cody, W.J. & Grainger, N. 1972. In IOPB chromosome number reports XXXVII. Taxon 21: 498–499 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1973. Pp. 13-18 in The genus Lesquerella (Cruciferae) in North America. R.C.Rollins and E.A. Shaw, Harvard University Press 288 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1973. A clarification of the chromosome number situation in Sanquisorba canadensis. Canadian Journal of Botany 51: 2075–2077. DOI: 10.1139/b73-269
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1973. In IOPB chromosome number reports XL. Taxon 22: 290–191 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Kevan, P.G. 1973. Color, brightness, and other floral characteristics attracting insects to the blossoms of some Canadian weeds. Canadian Journal of Botany 51: 1939–1952. DOI: 10.1139/b73-248
- Kevan, P.G., Grainger, N.D., Mulligan, G.A. & Robertson, A.R. 1973. A gray-scale for measuring reflectance and color in the insect and human visual spectra. Ecology 54: 924–926.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1974. Confusion in the names of three Draba species of the arctic: D. adamsii, D. oblongata, and D. corymbosa. Canadian Journal of Botany 52: 791–793. DOI: 10.1139/b74-102
- Mulligan, G.A. 1974. Cytotaxonomic studies of Draba nivalis and its close allies in Canada and Alaska. Canadian J. Botany 52: 1793–1801. DOI: 10.1139/b74-232 Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1974. In IOPB chromosome number reports XLIII. Taxon 23: p. 194.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Findlay, J.N. 1974. The biology of Canadian weeds 3. Cardaria draba, C. chalepensis, and C. pubescens. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 54: 149–160. DOI: 10.4141/cjps74-024
- Mulligan, G.A. 1975. Draba crassifolia, D. albertina, D. nemorosa, and D. stenoloba in Canada and Alaska. Canadian Journal of Botany 53: 745–751. DOI: 10.1139/b75-089
- Mulligan, G.A. & Bailey, L.G. 1975. The biology of Canadian weeds 8. Sinapis arvensis L. Canadian Journal of Botany 55: 171–183. DOI: 10.4141/cjps75-026
- Mulligan, G.A. 1976. Common weeds of Canada/Les mauvais herbes communes du Canada. McClelland and Stewart Ltd., Toronto. 140 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Bailey, L.G. 1976. Seed coats of some Brassica and Sinapis weedy and cultivated in Canada. Economic Botany 30: 143–148.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Junkins, B.E. 1976. The biology of Canadian weeds 17. Cyperus esculentus L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 56: 339–350. DOI: 10.4141/cjps76-052
- Mulligan, G.A. 1977. Seed coats under the scanning electron microscope. Seed Technology 2: 24–29.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Junkins, B.E. 1977. The biology of Canadian weeds 23. Rhus radicans L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 57: 515–523. DOI: 10.4141/cjps77-075
- Mulligan, G.A. 1978. Barbarea stricta Andrz., a new introduction to Quebec. Le Naturaliste Canadien 105: 297–298.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Junkins, B.E. 1978. The taxonomic rank of Rydberg's poison ivy. Le Naturaliste Canadien 105: 291–293.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Lindsay, D.R. 1978. Euphorbia subgenus Chamaesyce in Canada. Le Naturaliste Canadien 105: 37–40.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1979. Four new species of Draba in northwestern North America. Canadian J. Botany 57: 1873–1875. DOI: 10.1139/b79-236 Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1979, (Editor). The biology of Canadian weeds, contributions 1-32. Agriculture Canada Publ. 1693, 380 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1979. Chromosome numbers in Phegopteris. Canadian Journal of Botany 57: 1815–1819. DOI: 10.1139/b79-225
- Miller, J.F., Mulligan, G.A., et al. 1979. Common weed seedlings of the United States and Canada. University Georgia College Agriculture, Athens, 31 pp.
1980s
[edit]- Mulligan, G.A. 1980. Poison ivy, western poison oak, and poison sumac. Agriculture Canada Publ. 1699. 13pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1980. The genus Cicuta in North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 58: 1755–1767.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B. 1980. The biology of Canadian weeds 48. Cicuta maculata L., C. douglasii (DC.) Coult. & Rose}}, and C. virosa L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 61(1): 93–105. DOI: 10.4141/cjps81-012
- Alex, J.F., Cayouette, R. & Mulligan, G.A. 1980. Common and botanical names of weeds in Canada. [Noms populaires et scientifiques des plantes nuisibles du Canada.] Agriculture Canada Publ. 1765. 415 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B.. 1981. The biology of Canadian weeds 51. Prunus virginiana L., and P. serotina Ehrh. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 61(4): 977-992. DOI: 10.4141/cjps81-144
- Cody, W.J. & Mulligan, G.A. 1982. Chromosome numbers of some Canadian ferns and fern allies. Le Naturaliste Canadien 109: 273–275.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B. 1983. Vascular plants poisonous to livestock in Canada 1. A preliminary inventory. Agriculture Canada Technical Bulletin 1983-23E. 33pp.
- Mulligan, G.A., Munro, D.B. & McNeill, J. 1983. The status of Stachys palustris (Labiatae) in North America. Canadian Journal of Botany 61: 679–682. DOI: 10.1139/b83-077
- Mulligan, G.A. 1984. Chromosome numbers of some plants native and naturalized in Canada. Le Naturaliste Canadien 111: 447–449.
- Mulligan, G.A. (Editor) 1984. The biology of Canadian weeds, contributions 33-61. Agriculture Canada Publ. 1765. 415 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B. 1984. Chromosome numbers and sexual compatibility in North American Rorippa sylvestris (Cruciferae). Canadian Journal of Botany 62: 575–580. DOI: 10.1139/b84-086
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B.. 1984. Wild and cultivated plants poisonous to humans in Canada. Agriculture Canada Technical Bulletin 1984E. 22 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. (Editor) 1986. Systematics in Agriculture Canada at Ottawa from 1886-1966. Historical Series No. 28E. 81 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. (Editor) 1986. La Recherche en systématique à Agriculture Canada Ottawa 1886-1966. Série historique No. 28F. 83 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1987. Common weeds of Canada. NC Press Ltd. Toronto. 143 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1987. Les plantes nuisibles communes du Canada. Marcel Broquet Inc., Montréal. 142 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B. 1987. The biology of Canadian weeds 77. Veratrum viride Ait. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 67(3): 777–786. DOI: 10.4141/cjps87-105
- Frankton, C. & Mulligan, G.A. 1987. Weeds of Canada (revised edition). NC Press, Toronto. 217 pp.
- Frankton, C. & Mulligan, G.A. 1988. Les plantes nuisibles du Canada (revisée). Marcel Broquet Inc., Montréal. 218 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B. 1989. Taxonomy of species of North American Stachys (Labiatae) found north of Mexico. Le Naturaliste Canadien 116(1): 35-51. Abstract Reference page.
1990s
[edit]- Mulligan, G.A. 1990. Poison ivy, western poison oak, and poison sumac (revised edition). Agriculture Canada Publ. 1699E, 13 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1990. L'herbe à la puce, le sumac à vernis et les rhus diversiloba (revisée). Agriculture Canada Publ. 1699F. 13 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B. 1990. Poisonous plants of Canada. Agriculture Canada Publ. 1842E. 96 pp.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Munro, D.B. 1990. Plantes toxiques du Canada. Agriculture Canada Publ. 1842F. 98 pp.
- Mulligan, J. & Mulligan, G.A. 1992. Purple loosestrife, friend or foe? Ontario Landscape News, June 4.
- Mai, T.R., Lovette-Doust, J., Lovette-Doust, L. & Mulligan, G.A. 1992. The biology of Canadian weeds 100. Lythrum salicaria. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 72(4): 1305–1330. DOI: 10.4141/cjps92-164
- Mulligan, G.A. 1995. Synopsis of the genus Arabis (Brassicaceae) in Canada, Alaska, and Greenland. Rhodora 97(890): 109–163. JSTOR BHL Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. & Cody, W.J. 1995. New information on the problem of the Asiatic cress, Rorippa crystallina Rollins (Brassicaceae). Canadian Field-Naturalist 109: 111–112. BHLReference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. 1999. A tribute to Raymond John Moore, 1918-1998. Canadian Field-Naturalist 113: 342–344.
2000s
[edit]- Mulligan, G.A. 2001. Three new taxa and a summary of the mustard family, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae), in Canada and Alaska. Canadian Field-Naturalist 115(2): 341–342. ResearchGate Reference page.
- Mulligan, G.A. 2002. Chromosome numbers determined from Canadian and Alaskan material of native and naturalized mustards. Canadian Field-Naturalist 116: 611–622.
- Mulligan, G.A. 2002. Weedy introduced mustards (Brassicaceae) of Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 116: 623–631.
- Page, N.A., [{a|Ronald E. Wall|Wall, R.E.}}, Darbyshire, S.J. & Mulligan, G.A. 2006. The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada 4. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86: 569–589. DOI: 10.4141/P05-158
- Mulligan, G.A. 2009. Common weeds of the northern United States and Canada. http://www.weedscanada.ca/
- Mulligan, G.A. 2009. Plants of the northern United States and Canada reported to have caused poisonings, a dermatitis or hay fever in humans.
- Mulligan, G.A. 2009. Plants of the northern United States and Canada reported to have caused poisonings to livestock or to have tainted animal products
- Mulligan, G.A. 2009. Additional information on hay fever plants
- Mulligan, G.A. 2009. Weedy mustards, Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) of Canada.
2010s
[edit]- Cavers, P.B., Darbyshire, S.J. & Mulligan, G.A. 2013. History of the series on the Biology of Canadian Weeds. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 93: 351–461. DOI: 10.4141/cjps2013-500
- Al-Shehbaz, I.A. & Mulligan, G.A. 2013. New or noteworthy species of Draba (Brassicaceae) from Canada and Alaska. Harvard Papers in Botany 18(2): 101–124. DOI: 10.3100/025.018.0203 Reference page.
- Darbyshire, S.J., Francis, A., Mulligan, G.A. & Graham, G.L. 2014. The biology of Canadian weeds 153. Stachys palustris L. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94: 709–722. DOI: 10.4141/cjps2013-300
- Catling, P.M., Bennett, B., Heron, J., Kostiuk, B., Wolki, K. & Mulligan, G.A.. 2019. A preliminary list of 'Wild flowers and other vascular plants of Sachs Harbour' (Banks Island, Northwest Territories)
2020s
[edit]- Mulligan, G.A. 2021. Draba (Brassicaceae) in Canada and Alaska. Harvard Papers in Botany Vol. 21, No. 1, pp. 189–199
References
[edit]- Mulligan, Julie. 2014. The Real Weed Man: Portrait of Canadian Botanist Gerald A. Mulligan, 228 pp.
- Al-Shehbaz, I.A. 2009. Two new North American species of Draba (Brassicaceae): D. heilii from New Mexico and D. mulliganii from Alaska. Harvard Pap. Bot. 14: 83–86. DOI: 10.3100/025.014.0112 Reference page.
- Butcher, Joan, 2020. Gerald A. (Gerry) Mulligan, A Long History and Career at the Farm. Friends of the Central Experimental Farm Newsletter, Fall 2020, pp.189-199.