Cannabis

Cannabis sativa L. var. spontanea Vav.

Cannabis sativa L. var. spontanea Vav. (close-up)

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Rosales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Rosales

Familia: Cannabaceae
Genus: Cannabis
Species: C. sativa

Name

Cannabis L., Sp. Pl.: 1027 (1753).

• Monotypic taxon C. sativa is possibly now the only recognised "natural" species with perhaps three subspecies or more likely varieties and numerous named cultivars and unnamed cultivated variants (Small, 2015 & McPartland, 2018).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced) Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Corse, France, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia. Continental: Africa (introduced) Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco. Regional: West Tropical Africa Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Senegal. Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Rwanda, Zaire. Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan. Regional: East Tropical Africa Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda. Regional: South Tropical Africa Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Regional: Southern Africa Botswana, Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces. Regional: Western Indian Ocean Mauritius, Réunion. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya (introduced). Regional: Russian Far East Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin (introduced). Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan. Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (introduced). Regional: Western Asia Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Turkey (introduced). Regional: China China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, China Southeast, Tibet (introduced), Xinjiang. Regional: Eastern Asia Korea (introduced). Continental: Asia-Tropical Regional: Indian Subcontinent Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal (introduced), Pakistan, West Himalaya (introduced). Regional: Indo-China Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam (introduced). Regional: Malesia Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands (introduced). Continental: Australasia (introduced) Regional: New Zealand New Zealand North, New Zealand South. Continental: Pacific (introduced) Regional: Southwestern Pacific Fiji, Vanuatu. Regional: South-Central Pacific Marquesas, Society Islands, Tuamotu, Tubuai Islands. Regional: North-Central Pacific Hawaii. Continental: Northern America (introduced) Regional: Eastern Canada Ontario, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington. Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia. Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. California, Nevada. Regional: South-Central U.S.A. New Mexico. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia. Regional: Mexico Mexico Northwest. Continental: Southern America (introduced) Regional: Central America Costa Rica, Nicaragua. Regional: Caribbean Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Islands. Regional: Western South America Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 1027. Reference page. 

Additional references

• McPartland, J.M. 2018. Cannabis systematics at the levels of family, genus, and species. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research 3(1): 203–212. DOI: 10.1089/can.2018.0039 Reference page. 
• Small, E. 2015. Evolution and classification of Cannabis sativa (marijuana, hemp) in relation to human utilization. Botanical Review 81(3): 189–294. DOI: 10.1007/s12229-015-9157-3 Reference page. 

Links

• Hassler, M. 2019. Cannabis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 08. Reference page. 
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Cannabis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2019 Aug. 08. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2019. Cannabis. Published online. Accessed: Aug. 08 2019.
• Tropicos.org 2019. Cannabis. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 08 Aug. 2019.

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: Dagga
беларуская: Каноплі
български: Коноп
čeština: Konopí
Deutsch: Hanf
English: Hemp
eesti: Kanep
suomi: Hamput
Nordfriisk: Henep
français: Beud
hts: Yasani
македонски: Коноп
नेपाली: गाँजा
norsk: Hamp
polski: Konopie
português do Brasil: Maconha
română: Cânepă
svenska: Hampa
Türkçe: Kenevir

For more multimedia, look at Cannabis on Wikimedia Commons.