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Cannabis

From Wikispecies
Cannabis sativa L. var. spontanea Vav.
Cannabis sativa L. var. spontanea Vav. (close-up)

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Rosales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Rosids
Cladus: Eurosids I
Ordo: Rosales

Familia: Cannabaceae
Genus: Cannabis
Species: C. sativa

Name

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Cannabis L., Sp. Pl.: 1027 (1753).

  • Monotypic taxon C. sativa is possibly now the only recognised "natural" species with perhaps three subspecies or more likely varieties and numerous named cultivars and unnamed cultivated variants (Small, 2015 & McPartland, 2018).

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe (introduced)
    • Regional: Northern Europe
      • Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden.
    • Regional: Middle Europe
      • Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland.
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Corse, France, Sardegna, Spain.
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
    • Regional: Eastern Europe
      • Belarus, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia.
  • Continental: Africa (introduced)
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Morocco.
    • Regional: West Tropical Africa
      • Benin, Ghana, Guinea, Senegal.
    • Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa
      • Central African Republic, Cameroon, Gulf of Guinea Islands, Rwanda, Zaire.
    • Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan.
    • Regional: East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda.
    • Regional: South Tropical Africa
      • Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
    • Regional: Southern Africa
      • Botswana, Cape Provinces, Lesotho, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces.
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean
      • Mauritius, Réunion.
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Siberia
      • Altay, Buryatiya, Chita, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Tuva, West Siberia, Yakutskiya (introduced).
    • Regional: Russian Far East
      • Amur, Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Magadan, Primorye, Sakhalin (introduced).
    • Regional: Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (introduced).
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Turkey (introduced).
    • Regional: China
      • China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, China Southeast, Tibet (introduced), Xinjiang.
    • Regional: Eastern Asia
      • Korea (introduced).
  • Continental: Asia-Tropical
    • Regional: Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal (introduced), Pakistan, West Himalaya (introduced).
    • Regional: Indo-China
      • Andaman Islands, Cambodia, Nicobar Islands, Thailand, Vietnam (introduced).
    • Regional: Malesia
      • Jawa, Lesser Sunda Islands (introduced).
  • Continental: Australasia (introduced)
    • Regional: New Zealand
      • New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
  • Continental: Pacific (introduced)
    • Regional: Southwestern Pacific
      • Fiji, Vanuatu.
    • Regional: South-Central Pacific
      • Marquesas, Society Islands, Tuamotu, Tubuai Islands.
    • Regional: North-Central Pacific
      • Hawaii.
  • Continental: Northern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Eastern Canada
      • Ontario, Québec.
    • Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado, Idaho, Oregon, Washington.
    • Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
      • Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
    • Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
    • Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California, Nevada.
    • Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico.
    • Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Tennessee, Virginia.
    • Regional: Mexico
      • Mexico Northwest.
  • Continental: Southern America (introduced)
    • Regional: Central America
      • Costa Rica, Nicaragua.
    • Regional: Caribbean
      • Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Islands.
    • Regional: Western South America
      • Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Additional references

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Vernacular names

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Afrikaans: Dagga
العربية: عيدان
беларуская: Каноплі
български: Коноп
বাংলা: শণ
čeština: Konopí
Deutsch: Hanf
English: Hemp
eesti: Kanep
suomi: Hamput
Nordfriisk: Henep
français: Beud
हिन्दी: भांग
hts: Yasani
македонски: Коноп
नेपाली: गाँजा
norsk: Hamp
polski: Konopie
português do Brasil: Maconha
română: Cânepă
svenska: Hampa
Türkçe: Kenevir
اردو: بھنگ
For more multimedia, look at Cannabis on Wikimedia Commons.
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