Xanthium spinosum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asterales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Xanthium
Species: Xanthium spinosum
Subspecies: X. s. subsp. catharticum – X. s. subsp. spinosum

nom

Xanthium spinosum L., Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753).

Synonyms

Homotypic
- Acanthoxanthium spinosum (L.) Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, sér. 2, 17: 110 (1869).
- Xanthium spinosum f. typicum Widder, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 54A: 337 (1935), nom. inval.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced)
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Denmark, Great Britain.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States, Krym, East European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa (introduced)
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores, Canary Islands.
- Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Eritrea, Ethiopia.
- Regional: South Tropical Africa
  - Zimbabwe.
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Botswana, Cape Provinces, Lesotho, Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Northern Provinces.
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean
  - Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues.
Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced)
- Regional: Siberia
  - Altay, West Siberia.
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Primorye.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
- Regional: Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
- Regional: China
  - Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, China Southeast.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea.
Continental: Asia-Tropical (introduced)
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - India, Pakistan, West Himalaya.
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - New Zealand North.
Continental: Pacific (introduced)
- Regional: Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji, New Caledonia.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Western South America
  - Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru.
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil South.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Juan Fernández Islands, Paraguay, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 987. Reference page.

Links

Hassler, M. 2018. Xanthium spinosum. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 2018 Mar. 31. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2018. Xanthium spinosum. Published online. Accessed Mar. 31 2018.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Xanthium spinosum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 2018 Mar. 31. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2018. Xanthium spinosum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 31 Mar. 2018.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Xanthium spinosum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accedit el: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names

català: espina-xoca
English: spiny cocklebur
español: Arrancamoños
suomi: Piikkisappiruoho
magyar: Szúrós szerbtövis
Nederlands: stekende stekelnoot
Türkçe: Dikenli pıtrak

For more multimedia, look at Xanthium spinosum on Wikimedia Commons.