Pinus contorta

Pinus contorta subsp. contorta.
Burrows Bay, Fidalgo Island, Washington, USA

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Pinus contorta is listed as Least Concern.

分类

分类: Pinales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Divisio: Tracheophyta Divisio: Pinophyta Classis: Pinopsida Ordo: Pinales

Familia: Pinaceae
Genus: Pinus
Subgenus: P. subg. Pinus
Sectio: P. sect. Trifoliae
Subsectio: P. subsect. Contortae
Species: Pinus contorta
Subspecies: P. c. subsp. contorta – P. c. subsp. latifolia – P. c. subsp. murrayana

名

Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2292 (1838).

分布

Native distribution areas:

Northern America Subarctic America Alaska, Northwest Territories, Yukon. Western Canada Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan. Northwestern U.S.A. Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming. North-Central U.S.A. South Dakota. Southwestern U.S.A. California, Nevada, Utah. Mexico Mexico Northwest. Introduced into: Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Finland, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, New South Wales, Norway, Romania, Sweden. 参考文献: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

参考文献

基本参考

• Loudon, J.C. 1838. Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum 4: 2292, figs. 2210–2211.

扩展参考

• Kral, R. 1993. Pinus. Pp. 373-398 in Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.), Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 2: Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, XVI, 475 pp. ISBN 0-19-508242-7. efloras FNA Website Internet Archive, Lending Library 参考页面. 
• Businský, R. 2008. The genus Pinus L., pines: contribution to knowledge. A monograph with cone drawings of all species of the world by Ludmila Businská. Acta Pruhoniciana 88: 1–126. PDF (Text) Photos 1–32 Photos 33–42 Figures 1–73参考页面. 
• Farjon, A. 2010. A Handbook of the World's Conifers. 2 vols., pp. 1–526 + 527–1111, Koninklijke Brill, Leiden, Boston. ISBN 978-90-04-17718-5. 参考页面. 

链接

• Earle, C.J. 2023. Pinus contorta in The Gymnosperm Database. Accessed: 2023 March 27.

• Farjon, A. 2013. Pinus contorta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013. IUCN Red List Category: Least Concern . DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T42351A2974612.en.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Pinus contorta in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2023 March 6. 参考页面. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2023. Pinus contorta. Published online. Accessed March 6 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Pinus contorta. Accessed: 6 March 2023.
• Hassler, M. 2023. Pinus contorta. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2023 March 6. 参考页面. 

其他语言

čeština: Borovice pokroucená
dansk: Klit-Fyr
Deutsch: Küsten-Kiefer
English: Lodgepole Pine
eesti: Keerdmänd
suomi: Kontortamänty
français: Pin tordu
עברית: אורן מפותל
hornjoserbsce: Wjertawa chójna
íslenska: Stafafura
norsk: Vrifuru
polski: Sosna wydmowa
русский: Cкрученная широкохвойная сосна
svenska: Contortatall
українська: Сосна скручена широкохвойна

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