Momordica charantia

Momordica charantia subsp. charantia

分类

分类: Cucurbitales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Cucurbitales

Familia: Cucurbitaceae
Tribus: Momordiceae
Genus: Momordica
Species: Momordica charantia
Subspecies: M. ch. subsp. charantia – M. ch. subsp. macroloba

Varietates: M. ch. var. abbreviata – M. ch. var. muricata

名

Momordica charantia L., Sp. Pl. 2: 1009. 1753. (as Charantia)

分布

Native distribution areas:

Africa West Tropical Africa Benin, Burkina, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo. West-Central Tropical Africa Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea Is., Rwanda, Zaïre. Northeast Tropical Africa Chad, Sudan. East Tropical Africa Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda. South Tropical Africa Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe. Southern Africa KwaZulu-Natal, Northern Provinces, Swaziland. Asia-Tropical Indian Subcontinent East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka. Indo-China Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam. Malesia Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera. Australasia Australia Queensland. Pacific Southwestern Pacific Fiji. 参考文献: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

参考文献

基本参考

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species plantarum, exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas. Tomus II. Pp. 561–1200, [1–30, index], [1, err.]. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm]. BHL 参考页面. :1009.

扩展参考

• Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. 2012. Cucurbitaceae. In Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 250–255. DOI: 10.5479/si.0081024X.98.1 BHL 参考页面. 
• Adjakidjè, V. 2006. Cucurbitaceae Juss. Pp. 520–534 in Akoègninou, A., Van der Burg, W.J. & Van der Maesen, L.J.G. (chief eds.), Flore analytique du Bénin. Backhuys Publishers, Cotonou & Wageningen. ISBN 90-5782-181-8. 参考页面. 
• De Wilde, W.J.J.O. & Duyfjes, B.E.E. 2008. Cucurbitaceae. Pp. 411–546, tt. 33–44 in Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.), Flora of Thailand, Vol. 9(4). The Forest Herbarium, National Park, Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok. 参考页面. 
• González, J. & Poveda, L.J. 2010. Cucurbitaceae. Pp. 137–181 in Hammel, B.E., Grayum, M.H., Herrera, C. & Zamora, N. (eds.), Manual de plantas de Costa Rica, Vol. V, Dicotiledóneas (Clusiaceae–Gunneraceae). Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-935641-01-8. 参考页面. 
• Kearns, D.M. 1998. Cucurbitaceae. Pp. 431–461 in Steyermark, J.A. (†), Berry, P.E. & Holst, B.K. (eds.), Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, Vol. 4, Caesalpiniaceae–Ericaceae. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 0-915279-52-5. 参考页面. 
• Keraudren-Aymonin, M. 1975. Cucurbitacées. Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Viêt-Nam, Fasc. 15. 121 pp. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. PDF 参考页面. 
• Lu Anmin, Huang L.-Q., Chen Shukun & Jeffrey, C. 2011. Cucurbitaceae. Pp. 1–56 in Wu Zhengyi, Raven, P.H. & Hong Deyuan (eds.), Flora of China, Vol. 19, Cucurbitaceae through Valerianaceae, with Annonaceae and Berberidaceae. Science Press, Beijing; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis. ISBN 978-1-935641-04-9. PDF Online 参考页面. 

链接

• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Momordica charantia. Published online. Accessed 02 May 2018.
• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2019. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Momordica charantia.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Momordica charantia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 2018-05-02.
• Hassler, M. 2018. Momordica charantia. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 June 22. 参考页面. 

• Tropicos.org 2018. Momordica charantia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• Tropicos.org: Flora Mesoamericana: Momordica charantia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• Momordica charantia in Bernal, R., Gradstein, S.R. & Celis, M. (eds.). 2015. Catálogo de plantas y líquenes de Colombia. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia): Momordica charantia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• Tropicos.org: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Ecuador: Momordica charantia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• Tropicos.org: Peru Checklist: Momordica charantia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• Tropicos.org: Bolivia Catalogue: Momordica charantia. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• Momordica charantia in Flora do Brasil 2020 em construção. Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• Momordica charantia in Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Conosur. Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. Accessed: 02 May 2018.
• African Plants Database (version 3.4.0). Momordica charantia. Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève and South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Accessed: 02 May 2018.

其他语言

Basa Bali: Paya
বাংলা: করলা
Deutsch: Bittermelone
English: bitter melon
eesti: Karella-kibekurk
suomi: Karvaskurkku
magyar: Balzsamkörte
Bahasa Indonesia: Pare
മലയാളം: പാവൽ
polski: przepękla ogórkowata
português: Melão-de-são-caetano
српски / srpski: Горка диња / Gorka dinja
தமிழ்: பாகல்/பாகற்கொடி
ไทย: มะระ (Chinese variety), มะระขี้นก (Indian variety)
中文: 苦瓜

For more multimedia, look at Momordica charantia on Wikimedia Commons.