Ligustrum vulgare

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Ligustrum vulgare
Ligustrum vulgare

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Lamiales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Oleaceae
Tribus: Oleeae
Subtribus: Ligustrinae
Genus: Ligustrum
Sectio: L. sect. Ligustrum
Series: L. ser. Ligustrum
Species: Ligustrum vulgare

nom

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Ligustrum vulgare L., Sp. pl. 1:7. 1753

Synonyms

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  • Homotypic
    • Olea humilis Salisb. in Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 13 (1796), nom. superfl.
  • Heterotypic
    • Ligustrum album Gueldenst. in Reis. Russland: 133, 135, 187 (1787)
    • Ligustrum angustifolium Gilib. in Exerc. Phyt. 1: 2 (1792), opus utique oppr.
    • Ligustrum decipiens Gand. in Fl. Lyon.: 153 (1875)
    • Ligustrum insulare Decne. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 2: 24 (1879)
    • Ligustrum insulense Decne. in Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 10 (1877)
    • Ligustrum italicum Mill. in Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 2 (1768)
    • Ligustrum lodense Glogau in Gartenwelt 32: 658 (1928)
    • Ligustrum oviforme Gand. in Fl. Lyon.: 153 (1875)
    • Ligustrum sempervirens (Gray) Lindl. in T.Curtis, London Encycl. 12: 745 (1829)
    • Ligustrum vicinum Gand. in Fl. Lyon.: 153 (1875)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. argenteovariegatum Weston in Bot. Univ. 1: 152 (1770)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. argenteovariegatum (Weston) Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. atrovirens Hoefker in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. aureovariegatum Weston in Bot. Univ. 1: 152 (1770)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. aureovariegatum (Weston) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 419 (1903)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. aureum H.Jaeger in H.Jaeger & L.Beissner, Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl., ed. 2: 200 (1884)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. aureum (H.Jaeger) Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 (1889)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. auriflorum Hoefker in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911 publ. 1912)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. auriflorum (Hoefker) Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. buxifolium G.Nicholson in Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 264 (1885)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. buxifolium (G.Nicholson) Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. chlorocarpum Loudon in Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1199 (1838)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. chlorocarpum (Loudon) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 419 (1903)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. coombei P.D.Sell in Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 520 (2009)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. densiflorum C.K.Schneid. in Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 803 (1911)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. densiflorum (C.K.Schneid.) Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. flaviflorum Murr ex Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. glaucum (Mouill.) Rehder in Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 570 (1949)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. glaucum Mouill. in Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 976 (1896)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. insulense (Decne.) Hoefker in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911 publ. 1912)
    • Ligustrum vulgare subsp. italicum (Mill.) Fukarek in Posebna Izd. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine 4: 10 (1983)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. italicum (Mill.) Vahl in Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 35 (1804)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. lactiflorum Hoefker in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 57 (1915 publ. 1916)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. laurifolium Hoefker in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911 publ. 1912)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. leucocarpum Loudon in Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1199 (1838)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. leucocarpum (Loudon) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 419 (1903)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. lodense (Glogau) Rehder in J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 255 (1947)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. macrophyllum Murr in Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 19: 15 (1913)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. microphyllum Murr ex Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. nanum Rehder in J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 255 (1947)
    • Ligustrum vulgare nanum Kohankie in Nursery Cat. (Henry Kohankie & Sons) 1845-1946: 76 (1945), not validly publ.
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. pendulum (Carrière) Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 (1889)
    • Ligustrum vulgare pendulum Carrière in Fl. Serres 11: 166 (1856)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. pendulum (Carrière) Hoefker in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 (1911 publ. 1912)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. pyramidale (Späth) Dippel in Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 (1889)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. pyramidale Späth in Nursery Cat. (Späth) 57: 58 (1883)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. rupicola Hoefker in Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 57 (1915 publ. 1916)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. rupicola (Hoefker) Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. sempervirens Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 392 (1821 publ. 1822)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. triphyllum Murr ex Hegi in Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. variegatum Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 392 (1821 publ. 1822)
    • Ligustrum vulgare f. xanthocarpum (G.Don) Schelle in L.Beissner, E.Schelle & H.Zabel, Handb. Laubholzben.: 419 (1903)
    • Ligustrum vulgare var. xanthocarpum G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 45 (1837)

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Krym, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Yugoslavia
    • Regional: Central Europe
      • Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland
    • Regional: Northern Europe
      • Denmark, Norway, Sweden
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • France, Portugal, Spain
    • Regional: Western Europe
      • Great Britain, Ireland
  • Continental: Asia-temperate'
    • Regional: Southwestern Asia
      • Iran, Turkey
    • Regional: Caucasus
      • North Caucasus, Transcaucasus
  • Continental: Africa'
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Morocco
    • Introduced into:
      • Alabama, Azores, Belarus, Canary Is., Central European Russia, Colorado, Illinois, Kentucky, Maryland, New Mexico, New York, South European Russia, Tasmania, Vermont, Wisconsin
    • Doubtfully present in:
      • Algeria

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Additional references

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  • Green, P.S. (2006). World Checklist of Oleaceae Manuscript Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  • Dobignard, A. & Chatelain, C. 2013. Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du Nord. Volume 5: Dicotyledoneae: Oleaceae – Zygophyllaceae. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève, ISBN 978-2-8277-0128-5, 451 pp. PDF Reference page. 
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Vernacular names

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العربية: تمرحنة شائعة
català: Olivereta
čeština: Ptačí zob obecný
Cymraeg: Yswydden
dansk: Almindelig Liguster
Deutsch: Gewöhnlicher Liguster
English: Wild Privet
español: Aligustre
euskara: arbustu
suomi: Aitalikusteri
français: Troène commun
galego: Alfaneiro
magyar: Közönséges fagyal
հայերեն: սրնգենի սովորական
italiano: Ligustro comun
norsk bokmål: Liguster
Nederlands: Wilde liguster
norsk nynorsk: Liguster
polski: Ligustr pospolity
português: Alfeneiro
română: Lemn câinesc
русский: Бирючина обыкновенная
slovenčina: Zob vtáčí
slovenščina: Navadna kalina
svenska: Liguster
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