Xanthium chinense

Taxonavigation[edit]

Taxonavigation: Asterales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Asterales

Xanthium chinense Mill., Gard. Dict., ed. 8.: n.° 4 (1768).

Heterotypic
- Xanthium occidentale Bertol., Lucubr. Re Herb.: 38 (1822).
- Xanthium macrocarpum var. glabratum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836).
  - Xanthium strumarium var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist, Rhodora 47: 403 (1945).
- Xanthium pungens Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 231 (1842).
- Xanthium inflexum Mack. & Bush, Rep. (Annual) Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 106 (1905).
- Xanthium globosum C.Shull, Bot. Gaz. 59: 482 (1915), nom. provis.
- Xanthium cylindricum Millsp. & Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 4 (1918).
- Xanthium arcuatum Millsp. & Sherff, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 4 (1918).
- Xanthium decalvatum Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 72 (1923).
- Xanthium echinellum Greene ex Rydb. in J.K.Small, Man. S.E. Fl.: 1302 (1933).
- Xanthium chasei Fernald, Rhodora 48: 66 (1946).

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe (introduced)
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Germany.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - France.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Greece.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Krym, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa (introduced)
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Egypt.
- Regional: East Tropical Africa
  - Tanzania.
Continental: Asia-Temperate (introduced)
- Regional: Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - East Aegean Islands.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - India (introduced).
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Michigan, New York, Pennsylvania.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California (introduced).
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Arkansas, Florida, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Gulf.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Caribbean
  - Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Leeward Islands, Puerto Rico.
- Regional: Western South America
  - Colombia (introduced).

Miller, P. 1768. The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery. Ed. 8, 3 volumes (without pagination), John & Francis Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541 Reference page.

International Plant Names Index. 2023. Xanthium chinense. Published online. Accessed: May 23 2023.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Xanthium chinense in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 23. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Xanthium chinense. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 23 May 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. Xanthium chinense. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2023. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2023 May 23. Reference page.

English: smoothish cocklebur

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