Zamenis scalaris

Rhinechis scalaris

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Colubroidea

Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Orthokaryota Cladus: Neokaryota Cladus: Scotokaryota Cladus: Podiata Cladus: Amorphea Cladus: Obazoa Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Cladus: Filozoa Cladus: Choanozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: ParaHoxozoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Cladus: Olfactores Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Cladus: Eugnathostomata Cladus: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Cladus: Stegocephali Cladus: Tetrapoda Cladus: Reptiliomorpha Cladus: Amniota Cladus: Sauropsida Classis: Reptilia Cladus: Eureptilia Cladus: Romeriida Cladus: Diapsida Cladus: Neoreptilia Cladus: Parapleurota Cladus: Neodiapsida Cladus: Sauria Cladus: Lepidosauromorpha Subclassis: Lepidosauria Ordo: Squamata Cladus: Toxicofera Subordo: Serpentes Cladus: Caenophidia Superfamilia: Colubroidea

Familia: Colubridae
Subfamilia: Colubrinae
Genus: Zamenis
Species: Zamenis scalaris

Name

Zamenis scalaris (Schinz, 1822)

• Type material: not designated, unknown.
• Type locality: “Südlichen Frankreich [south of France]”.

Combinations

• Coluber scalaris Schinz, 1822: 123 [original combination]
• Rhinechis scalaris — Bonaparte, 1838: 118 [subsequent combination]
• Elaphe scalaris — Lankes, 1911: 568 [subsequent combination]
• Zamenis scalaris — Wallach, Williams & Boundy, 2014: 809 [subsequent combination]

Synonyms

• Coluber marmoratus Gravenhorst, 1807 [nomen oblitum]
• Rhinechis agassizii Michahelles in Wagler, 1833: Taf. 25 + unnumbered page
• Coluber bilineatus Schinz, 1833: 148
• Xenodon michahelles Schlegel, 1837: 92
• Coluber hermannii Lesson, 1841: 58

References

Primary references

• Schinz, H.R. 1822. Das Thierreich, eingetheilt nach dem Bau der Thiere als Grundlage ihrer Naturgeschichte und der vergleichenden Anatomie von den Herrn Ritter von Cuvier. Zweiter Band: Reptilien, Fische, Weichthiere, Ringelwürmer. J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung: Stuttgart & Tübingen. xvi + 835 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Wagler, J.G. 1828-1833. Descriptiones et icones Amphibiorum. Tres partes cum XXXVI tabulis. J.G. Cottae: Monachii, Stuttgartiae et Tubingae. unnumbered text + 36 pls. BHL Reference page. 
• Bonaparte, C.L. 1832–1841. Iconographia della Fauna Italica per le Quattro Classi degli Animali Vertebrati. Tomo II. Amphibi. Salviucci: Rome. 65 pp. + 153 pls. BHL Reference page. 
• Schlegel, H. 1837. Essai sur la physionomie des serpens. Partie Descriptive. Volume 2. M.H. Schonekat: Amsterdam, The Netherlands. 606 pp. BHL Reference page.  

• Wallach, V., Williams, K.L. & Boundy, J. 2014. Snakes of the World: A Catalogue of Living and Extinct Species. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group: Boca Raton, Florida. 1237 pp. ISBN 9781138034006 Reference page. 

Additional references

• Duméril, A.M.C., Bibron, G. & Duméril, A.H.A. 1854. Erpétologie générale ou histoire naturelle complète des reptiles. Tome septième. Deuxième partie, comprenant l'histoire des serpents venimeux. Librarie encyclopédique de Roret: Paris, France. i-xii + 781–1536 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Boulenger, G.A. 1894. Catalogue of the snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II. Containing the conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. British Museum (Natural History): London. xi + 382 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Helfenberger, N. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Old World ratsnakes based on visceral organ topography, osteology, and alloyme variation. Russian Journal of Herpetology 8(Supplement): 1–62. DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2001-8-0-1-62 Reference page. 
• Lenk, P., Joger, U. & Wink, M. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships among European ratsnakes of the genus Elaphe Fitzinger based on mitochondrial DNA sequence comparisons. Amphibia-Reptilia 22(3): 329–339. DOI: 10.1163/156853801317050124 Reference page. 
• Utiger, U., Helfenberger, N., Schätti, B., Schmidt, C., Ruf, M. & Ziswiler, V. 2002. Molecular Systematics and Phylogeny of Old and New World Ratsnakes, Elaphe Auct., and Related Genera (Reptilia, Squamata, Colubridae). Russian Journal of Herpetology 9(2): 105–124. DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2002-9-2-105-124 [nonfunctional] Reference page. 
• Zaher, H., Grazziotin, F.G., Graboski, R., Fuentes, R.G., Sánchez-Martinez, P., Montingelli, G.G., Zhang, Y.-P. & Murphy, R.W. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships of the genus Sibynophis (Serpentes: Colubroidea). Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 52(12): 141–149. DOI: 10.1590/S0031-10492012001200001 Reference page. 
• Figueiroa, A., McKelvy, A.D., Grismer, L.L., Bell, C.D. & Lailvaux, S.P. 2016. A Species-Level Phylogeny of Extant Snakes with Description of a New Colubrid Subfamily and Genus. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0161070. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161070 Reference page. 
• Salvi, D., Mendes, J., Carranza, S. & Harris, D.J. 2018. Evolution, biogeography and systematics of the western Palaearctic Zamenis ratsnakes. Zoologica Scripta 47(4): 441–461. DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12295 Reference page. 
• Boundy, J. 2021. Snakes of the World: A Supplement. CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group: Boca Raton, Florida. 273 pp. ISBN 9781138618138 ebook Reference page. 

Links

• Uetz, P., Freed, P., Aguilar, R., F. Reyes, J. Kudera & Hošek, J. (eds.) 2026. Zamenis scalaris. The Reptile Database. Accessed on 17 October 2022.
• Pleguezuelos, J.M., Sá-Sousa, P., Pérez-Mellado, V., Marquez, R., Cheylan, M., Corti, C. & Martínez-Solano, I. 2009. IUCN: Zamenis scalaris  (Least Concern). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T61565A12516902. DOI: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T61565A12516902.en. Accessed on 17 October 2022.

Vernacular names

• aragonés: Cullebra blanca
• català: Serp blanca
• English: Ladder Snake
• español: Culebra de escalera
• euskara: Eskailera-suge
• galego: serpe riscada
• português: Cobra-de-escada

For more multimedia, look at Zamenis scalaris on Wikimedia Commons.