Xylographa parallela

Taxonavigation[edit]

Taxonavigation: Baeomycetales
Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Fungi Subregnum: Dikarya Divisio: Ascomycota Subdivisio: Pezizomycotina Classis: Lecanoromycetes Subclassis: Ostropomycetidae Order: Baeomycetales

Familia: Xylographaceae
Genus: Xylographa
Species: Xylographa parallela

Name[edit]

Xylographa parallela (Ach. : Fr.) Behlen & Desberger, 1835

Substrate and ecology: On rotting logs or stumps, usually montane to subalpine, in humid, often shaded situations, spruce-fir, and mixed conifer forests

World distribution: Circumpolar arctic and boreal in Europe and North America (boreal and western)

Basionym

Lichen parallelus Ach., Lichenogr. Suec. Prodr. 23 (1798)

Synonyms[edit]

Graphis parallela Müll. Arg., Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 24: 200 (1892)
Hysterium abietinum Pers., Observ. mycol. (Lipsiae) 1: 31 (1796)
Hysterium parallelum (Ach.) Wahlenb., 1812
Lichen parallelus Ach.,: 23 (1798)
Opegrapha parallela (Ach.) Ach., 1803
Placographa laricicola (Nyl.) Sacc., Syll. fung. (Abellini) 18: 167 (1906)
Stictis parallela (Ach.) Fr., Syst. mycol. (Lundae) 2(1): 197 (1822)
Xylogramma paralellum (Ach.) Wallr., Fl. crypt. Germ. (Nürnberg) 2: 509 (1833)
Xylographa abietina (Pers.) Zahlbr., Cat. Lich. Univers. 2: 151 (1922) [1924]
Xylographa abietina var. parallela (Ach.) Redinger, 1938
Xylographa incerta A. Massal., Miscell. Lichenol.: 47 (1856)
Xylographa laricicola Nyl., Flora, Jena 58: 13 (1875)
Xylographa minutula Körb., Parerga lichenol. (Breslau): 276 (1861)
Xylographa parallela f. elliptica Nyl., in Leighton, Lich. Fl. Great Brit., Edn 3: 391 (1879)
Xylographa scaphoidea Stirt., Grevillea 3(no. 25): 35 (1874)

Note: Current name for Xylographa minutula is Xylographa parallela - (Source: Index Fungorum)

References[edit]

Primary[edit]

Behlen & Desberger, Naturgesch. Beschr. Deutsch. Forst-Krypt. 596 (1835)

Behlen, S; Desberger, FA (1835) Naturgeschichte und Beschreibung der deutschen Forstcryptogamen. - Erfurt & Gotha. pp. **[Mattick Rec.# 33282] - (Recent Literature on Lichens - Mattick No.)**

Secondary[edit]

Brodo, I.M.; Sharnoff, S.D. and Sharnoff, S. (2001) Xylographa (p. 747) In, Lichens of North America. Yale University Press, New Haven, 795 pages. **[RLL List # 184 / Rec.# 22465] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Discussion, distribution map for North America, and color photo (Plate 924): p. 749)

Dobson, F.S. (2000) (Fourth edition) Xylographa (pp. 414-415) In, Lichens: An illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. The Richmond Publishing Co., Ltd., Slough, England, 431 pp. **[RLL List # 184 / Rec.# 22402] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Discussion of Xylographa parallela, color photo, and map: p. 414)

Orange, A. (1992) Xylographa (Fr.) Fr. (1838) (pp. 648-649) In: Purvis, O.W., Coppins, B.J., Hawksworth, D.L., James, P.W. and Moore, D.M. (eds.) The Lichen Flora of Great Britain and Ireland. London: Natural History Museum Publication, 710 pp. **[RLL List # 151 / Rec.# 15105] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Discussion of Xylographa parallela [as X. abietina]: p. 649)

Ryan, B.D. (2004) Xylographa (pp. 612-616) In: Nash III, T.H.; Ryan, B.D.; Diederich, P.; Gries, C. and Bungartz, F. (eds.), Lichen Flora of the Greater Sonoran Desert Region, Vol. 2. Lichens Unlimited, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 742 pages. **[RLL List # 196 / Rec.# 25979] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Discusson of Xylographa parallela: pp. 613-615; distribution map for the Sonoran region: p. 614)

Thomson, J.W. (1997) Xylographa Fr. (pp. 645-647 In, American Arctic Lichens: 2. The Microlichens. The University of Wisconsin Press, 675 pages. (Books.Google) (Discussion of Xylographa parallela (as Xylographa abietina): pp. 645 & 647; photo and distribution map for North America: p. 646)

Wirth, V. (1995) Xylographa (Fr.) Fr. (pp. 978-979) - Teil 2 - In, Die Flechten Baden-Württembergs, Teil 1 & 2. Eugen Ulmer GmbH & Co., Stuttgart. 1006 pp.; in German. **[RLL List # 159 / Rec.# 20405] - (Recent Literature on Lichens)** (Discussion of Xylographa parallela: p. 980)