Xanthium strumarium

Taxonavigation[правіць]

Taxonavigation: Asterales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Campanulids Ordo: Asterales

Familia: Asteraceae
Subfamilia: Asteroideae
Tribus: Heliantheae
Subtribus: Ambrosiinae
Genus: Xanthium
Species: Xanthium strumarium

Name[правіць]

Xanthium strumarium L., Sp. Pl.: 987 (1753).

Synonyms[правіць]

Heterotypic
- Xanthium macrocarpum DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 356 (1815).
- Xanthium brasilicum Vell., Fl. Flumin. 10: t. 23 (1831).
  - Xanthium strumarium var. brasilicum (Vell.) Baker in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 6(3): 147 (1884).
  - Xanthium strumarium subsp. brasilicum (Vell.) O.Bolòs & Vigo, Collect. Bot. (Barcelona) 17: 90 (1988).
- Xanthium indicum J.Koenig ex Roxb., Fl. Ind., ed. 1832. 3: 601 (1832).
- Xanthium inaequilaterum DC., Prodr. 5: 523 (1836).
  - Xanthium indicum var. inaequilaterum (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 68 (1856).
  - Xanthium strumarium var. inaequilaterum (DC.) C.B.Clarke, Compos. Ind.: 133 (1876).
- Xanthium abyssinicum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 230 (1842).
- Xanthium antiquorum Wallr., Beitr. Bot. 1: 229 (1842).
- Xanthium arenarium Lasch, Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 14: 411 (1856).
- Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 32 (1923).
  - Xanthium strumarium subsp. sibiricum (Patrin ex Widder) Greuter, Willdenowia 33: 249 (2003).
- Xanthium japonicum Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 31 (1923).
- Xanthium sibiricum var. subinerme Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 20: 36 (1923).
  - Xanthium strumarium var. subinerme (Widder) Winkl. ex Y.Z.Zhao, L.Q.Zhao & C.Rui, Fl. Intramongol., ed. 3. 5: 93 (2019).
- Xanthium pungens var. globuliforme C.Shull, Bot. Gaz. 83: 385 (1927).
- Xanthium mongolicum Kitag., Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 4: 97 (1936).
- Xanthium natalense Widder, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 41: 274 (1937).
- Xanthium sibiricum var. jingyuanense H.G.Hou & Y.T.Lu, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 20: 249 (2000).

Distribution[правіць]

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Great Britain, Ireland.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores, Madeira.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Primorye.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey.
- Regional: China
  - China South-Central, Hainan, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
- Regional: Mongolia
  - Mongolia.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - East Himalaya, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya.
- Regional: Indo-China
  - Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand.
- Regional: Malesia
  - Lesser Sunda Islands.
- Regional: Papuasia
  - New Guinea.
Continental: Pacific
- Regional: South-Central Pacific
  - Marquesas.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References[правіць]

Primary references[правіць]

Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus II: 987. Reference page.

Links[правіць]

Govaerts, R. et al. 2023. Xanthium strumarium in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2023 May 23. Reference page.
Tropicos.org 2023. Xanthium strumarium. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 23 May 2023.
International Plant Names Index. 2023. Xanthium strumarium. Published online. Accessed 23 May 2023.
Hassler, M. 2023. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Xanthium strumarium. Accessed: 23 May 2023.
Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Xanthium strumarium in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2023 May 23.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Xanthium strumarium in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names[правіць]

башҡортса: Тилермән
català: Llepassa
čeština: Řepeň durkoman
Deutsch: Gewöhnliche Spitzklette
English: rough cockleburr
فارسی: توق
suomi: Karheasappiruoho
français: Lampourde d'Orient
עברית: לכיד הנחלים
日本語: オナモミ
한국어: 도꼬마리
മലയാളം: അരിഷ്ട
Nederlands: Late stekelnoot
polski: Rzepień pospolity
русский: Дурнишник обыкновенный
தமிழ்: மருளூமத்தை
Türkçe: Büyük pıtrak
українська: Нетреба звичайна
Tiếng Việt: Ké đầu ngựa
中文: 苍耳

For more multimedia, look at Xanthium strumarium on Wikimedia Commons. (en)