Veronicastrum virginicum

Veronicastrum virginicum

Veronicastrum virginicum

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Lamiales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Orthokaryota Cladus: Neokaryota Cladus: Photokaryota Cladus: Diaphoretickes Cladus: CAM Cladus: Archaeplastida Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Plantaginaceae
Tribus: Veroniceae
Genus: Veronicastrum
Sectio: V. sect. Veronicastrum
Species: Veronicastrum virginicum

Name

Veronicastrum virginicum (L.) Farw., 1917.

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Callistachya virginica (L.) Raf. in Med. Repos. 5: 60 (1808)
  • Eustachya alba Raf. in Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 6: 97 (1820), nom. superfl.
  • Leptandra virginica (L.) Nutt. in Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 7 (1818)
  • Paederota virginica (L.) Torr. in Fl. New York 2: 44 (1843)
  • Veronica virginica L. in Sp. Pl.: 9 (1753)
• Heterotypic
  • Calistachya alba Raf. in Med. Repos. Original Essays Intelligence Phys. 5: 352 (1808)
  • Callistachya virginica var. lanceolata Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 176 (1916)
  • Callistachya virginica var. purpurea (Raf.) Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 17: 177 (1916)
  • Eustachya purpurea Raf. in Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 4: 190 (1819)
  • Eustachya villosa (Raf.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 4: 56 (1838)
  • Eustaxia alba Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 1: 56 (1837)
  • Eustaxia japonica Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 1: 56 (1837)
  • Eustaxia purpurea (Raf.) Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 1: 56 (1837)
  • Eustaxia sibirica Raf. in Fl. Tellur. 1: 56 (1837)
  • Leptandra alba Raf. in Med. Fl. 2: 21 (1830)
  • Leptandra caerulea Raf. in Med. Fl. 2: 21 (1830)
  • Leptandra oppositifolia Raf. in New Fl. 2: 21 (1837)
  • Leptandra purpurea (Raf.) Raf. in Med. Fl. 2: 20 (1830)
  • Leptandra villosa Raf. in Med. Fl. 2: 21 (1830)
  • Leptandra virginica var. incarnata G.Don in Gen. Hist. 4: 579 (1837)
  • Leptandra virginica var. purpurea Pursh ex Eaton in Man. Bot. N. States, ed. 5: 275 (1829)
  • Veronica diversifolia Steud. in Nomencl. Bot. 1: 876 (1821), not validly publ.
  • Veronica purpurea Steud. in Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 759 (1841), not validly publ.
  • Veronica quinquefolia Stokes in Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 28 (1812)
  • Veronica virginica var. hirsuta N.Coleman in Cat. Fl. Pl. S. Pen. Michigan: 27 (1874)
  • Veronica virginica f. purpurea (Pursh ex Eaton) Fosberg in Castanea 20: 59 (1955)
  • Veronicastrum album Moench in Methodus: 437 (1794)
  • Veronicastrum diversifolium Moench in Suppl. Meth.: 158 (1802)
  • Veronicastrum rubellum Moench in Methodus: 437 (1794)
  • Veronicastrum virginicum var. lanceolatum Farw. in Druggists' Circ. 61: 231 (1917)
  • Veronicastrum virginicum var. purpureum (Pursh ex Eaton) Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 20: 188 (1918)
  • Veronicastrum virginicum f. purpureum (Pursh ex Eaton) Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 370 (1919 publ. 1920)
  • Veronicastrum virginicum f. roseum Farw. in Rep. (Annual) Michigan Acad. Sci. 21: 370 (1919 publ. 1920)
  • Veronicastrum virginicum f. villosa Pennell in Rhodora 23: 6 (1921)

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Northern America Regional: Central & Eastern USA Alabama, Arkansas, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin Regional: Canada Manitoba, Ontario Introduced into: Nova Scotia References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Farwell, O.A. 1917. Druggists' Circular 61: 231.

Additional references

• Pennell, F.W. 1935. The Scrophulariaceae of eastern temperate North America. Acad. Nat:, Sci. Philadelphia Monogr. I: i-xiv, 650 p.

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Veronicastrum virginicum in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 August 23. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2025. Veronicastrum virginicum. Published online. Accessed: August 23 2025. Reference page.
• Tropicos.org 2025. Veronicastrum virginicum. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 23 August 2025. Reference page.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Veronicastrum virginicum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 28-Oct-07. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

• English: Culver's root, black root
• Nederlands: zwarte ereprijs

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