Gypsophila vaccaria

Taxonavigation[modifica]

Taxonavigation: Caryophyllales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Ordo: Caryophyllales

Familia: Caryophyllaceae
Tribus: Caryophylleae
Genus: Gypsophila
Species: Gypsophila vaccaria

nom[modifica]

Gypsophila vaccaria (L.) Sm. in J.Sibthorp & J.E.Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 279 (1809).

Synonyms[modifica]

Basionym
- Saponaria vaccaria L., Sp. Pl.: 409 (1753).
Homotypic
- Lychnis vaccaria (L.) Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 303 (1771).
- Saponaria rubra Lam., Fl. Franç. 2: 541 (1779), nom. superfl..
- Vaccaria parviflora Moench, Methodus: 63 (1794).
- Vaccaria vulgaris Host, Fl. Austriaca 1: 518 (1827), nom. superfl.
- Vaccaria vaccaria (L.) Huth, Helios 11: 136 (1893), nom. inval.
- Silene vaccaria (L.) E.H.L.Krause in J.Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2, 5: 120 (1901).
- Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. parviflora Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 218. (1924), nom. inval.
- Vaccaria hispanica var. vaccaria (L.) Greuter, Willdenowia 25: 139 (1995).
- Vaccaria hispanica subsp. vaccaria (L.) P.Eliáš, Fl. Slovenska 6(3): 657 (2012).
Heterotypic
- Saponaria amplissima Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.° 4 (1768).
- Saponaria hispanica Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8, Errat. (1768).
  - Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert, Wiss. Z. Martin-Luther-Univ. Halle-Wittenberg, Math.-Naturwiss. Reihe 14: 496 (1965).
- Saponaria segetalis Neck., Delic. Gallo-Belg.: 194 (1768).
  - Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke ex Asch., Fl. Brandenburg 1: 84 (1860).
- Vaccaria pyramidata Medik., Philos. Bot. 1: 96 (1789).
  - Vaccaria segetalis subsp. pyramidata (Medik.) Dostál, Kvetena CSR, ed. 2: 426 (1948).
  - Vaccaria hispanica subsp. pyramidata (Medik.) Holub, Preslia 70: 116 (1998).
- Saponaria perfoliata Roxb. ex Willd., Hort. Berol.: 464 (1809).
  - Vaccaria perfoliata (Roxb. ex Willd.) Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 51 (1830).
- Vaccaria sessilifolia Sweet, Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 51 (1830), nom. superfl.
- Vaccaria arvensis Link, Handbuch 2: 240 (1831), nom. superfl.
- Saponaria pentagona Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 512 (1841).
- Dianthus inclusus Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 268 (1842).
  - Saponaria inclusa K.Koch, Linnaea 15: 711 (1842).
  - Vaccaria inclusa Ledeb., Fl. Ross. 1: 776 (1843).
- Saponaria vaccaria var. grandiflora Fischer ex Ser. in Candolle, Prodr. 1: 365 (1824).
  - Holotype: [Gruzinia], "Iberia. Tiflis". 1819, Fischer (G-DC)
  - Vaccaria grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Jaub. & Spach, Ill. Pl. Orient. 3: 40, t. 231 (1847).
  - Vaccaria perfoliata var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Halácsy, Consp. F1. Graec. 1: 190 (1900).
  - Vaccaria pyramidata subsp. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Hayek, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 218 (1924)
  - Vaccaria pyramidata var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Cullen, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 27: 214 (1967).
  - Vaccaria hispanica var. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Meusel & H.Mühlberg in Hegi, Ill. F1. Mitt.-Eur., ed. 2, 3: 978 (1971).
  - Vaccaria hispanica subsp. grandiflora (Fischer ex Ser.) Holub, Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 11: 83 (1976).
- Vaccaria oxyodonta Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient., ser. 2, 1: 68 (1854).
  - Saponaria oxyodonta Boiss., Fl. Orient. 1: 525 (1867).
  - Vaccaria hispanica subsp. oxyodonta (Boiss.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12: 191 (1982).
  - Vaccaria hispanica var. oxyodonta (Boiss.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55: 298 (1985).
- Saponaria liniflora Boiss. & Hausskn. in P.E. Boissier, Fl. Orient. 1: 525 (1867).
  - Vaccaria liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Bornm., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 7: 142 (1917).
  - Vaccaria hispanica subsp. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Greuter & Burdet, Willdenowia 12: 191 (1982).
  - Vaccaria hispanica var. liniflora (Boiss. & Hausskn.) J.Léonard, Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 55: 298 (1985).
- Vaccaria pyramidalis Prahl, Krit. Fl. Schlesw.-Holst. 2(2): 28 (1890).
- Vaccaria brachycalyx Pau, Trab. Mus. Ci. Nat., Ser. Bot. 14: 10 (1918).
- Saponaria vaccaria f. grohii B.Boivin, Naturaliste Canad. 93: 645 (1966).

Distribution[modifica]

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe (introduced)
  - Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria (extinct), Belgium, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic, Slovakia; introduced), Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland (introduced), Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse (extinct), France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia (Malta, Sicily), Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Serbia & Kosovo, Macedonia).
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States (introduced), Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, South European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands (Lanzarote, Fuerteventura, Tenerife), Madeira.
- Regional: Northeast Tropical Africa (introduced)
  - Eritrea, Ethiopia.
- Regional: East Tropical Africa (introduced)
  - Kenya.
- Regional: Southern Africa (introduced)
  - Cape Provinces, Free State, Northern Provinces.
- Regional: Western Indian Ocean (introduced)
  - Mauritius, Réunion.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Siberia (introduced)
  - Altay, Buryatiya, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, West Siberia.
- Regional: Russian Far East (introduced)
  - Khabarovsk, Primorye.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan (introduced), Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan (introduced).
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus (Armenia, Gruziya, Azerbaijan,).
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Afghanistan, Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria (Lebanon, Syria), Palestine (Israel, Jordan), Sinai, Turkey.
- Regional: Arabian Peninsula
  - Gulf States, Saudi Arabia, Yemen.
- Regional: China (introduced)
  - China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, Qinghai, China Southeast, Tibet, Xinjiang.
- Regional: Eastern Asia (introduced)
  - Japan, Korea, Taiwan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam, Bangladesh, India (introduced), Pakistan, Sri Lanka (introduced), West Himalaya.
- Regional: Indo-China (introduced)
  - Thailand.
- Regional: Malesia (introduced)
  - Jawa.
Continental: Australasia (introduced)
- Regional: Australia
  - Tasmania.
Continental: Northern America(introduced)
- Regional: Subarctic America
  - Alaska, Yukon.
- Regional: Western Canada
  - Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan.
- Regional: Eastern Canada
  - New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico, Texas.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, District of Columbia.
Continental: Southern America (introduced)
- Regional: Brazil
  - Brazil South.
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References[modifica]

Primary references[modifica]

Sibthorp, J. & Smith, J.E. 1809. Florae Graecae Prodromus, sive Plantarum omnium enumeratio, quas in provinciis aut insulis Graeciae invenit Johannes Sibthorp, M.D. Vol. I(2), pp. 219–442. London: Richard Taylor. BHL Reference page.

Links[modifica]

Hassler, M. 2019. Gypsophila vaccaria. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2019. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 2019 Sep 11. Reference page.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Gypsophila vaccaria in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 2019 Sep 11. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2019. Gypsophila vaccaria. Published online. Accessed Sep 11 2019.
Tropicos.org 2019. Gypsophila vaccaria. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accedit el: 11 Sep 2019.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Gypsophila vaccaria in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accedit el: 09-Oct-10.

Vernacular names[modifica]

беларуская: Тысячагалоў
dansk: Konellike
Deutsch: Kuhkraut
English: Cowherb, Cowcockle, Cow-basil, Forbidden Palace Flower
eesti: Põld-lehmalill
suomi: Toukokukka
íslenska: Sapujurt
Nederlands: Koekruid
norsk: Kunellik
polski: Krowiziół zbożowy
svenska: Åkernejlika

For more multimedia, look at Gypsophila vaccaria on Wikimedia Commons. (en)