Trachypogon spicatus

Trachypogon spicatus

Trachypogon spicatus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Panicoideae
Tribus: Andropogoneae
Subtribus: Apludinae
Genus: Trachypogon
Species: Trachypogon spicatus

Name

Trachypogon spicatus (L.f.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 794 (1891

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Stipa spicata L.f., Suppl. Pl.: 111 (1782)
• Homotypic
  • Trachypogon capensis Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 2: 257 (1832), nom. superfl.
  • Andropogon spicatus (L.f.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 93 (1840).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus subvar. capensis Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 326 (1889).
• Heterotypic
  • Stipa spicata Walter, Fl. Carol.: 78 (1788), nom. illeg.
  • Andropogon plumosus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Sp. Pl. 4: 918 (1806).
  • Andropogon angustifolius Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 184 (1816), nom. illeg.
  • Andropogon montufarii Kunth in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 184 (1816).
  • Andropogon stenophyllus Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 819 (1817).
  • Andropogon megapotamicus Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 33 (1827).
  • Heteropogon megapotamicus (Spreng.) Schult. & Schult.f., Mant. 3: 668 (1827).
  • Trachypogon angustifolius Nees in C.F.P.von Martius, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 342 (1829).
  • Trachypogon canescens Nees in C.F.P.von Martius, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 343 (1829).
  • Trachypogon ligularis Nees in C.F.P.von Martius, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 345 (1829).
  • Trachypogon mollis Nees in C.F.P.von Martius, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 343 (1829).
  • Trachypogon montufarii (Kunth) Nees in C.F.P.von Martius, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 342 (1829).
  • Trachypogon plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Nees in C.F.P.von Martius, Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 344 (1829).
  • Heteropogon secundus J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 335 (1830).
  • Heteropogon stipoides J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 335 (1830).
  • Andropogon mollis (Nees) Kunth, Révis. Gramin. 2: 561 (1832).
  • Andropogon canescens (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 487 (1833).
  • Andropogon ligularis (Nees) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 497 (1833).
  • Andropogon secundus (J.Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 487 (1833), nom. illeg.
  • Andropogon stipoides (J.Presl) Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 487 (1833), nom. illeg.
  • Andropogon canus Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 90 (1840), nom. nud.
  • Andropogon tortus Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 92 (1840), pro syn.
  • Heteropogon truncatus Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 102 (1841).
  • Milium strictum Willd. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 146 (1841), pro syn.
  • Trachypogon dissolutus Nees, Linnaea 19: 695 (1847).
  • Andropogon dactyloides Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 381 (1854).
  • Andropogon digitatus Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 382 (1854), pro syn.
  • Andropogon dissolutus (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 381 (1854).
  • Andropogon laxiflorus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 380 (1854).
  • Andropogon truncatus (Nees) Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 368 (1854).
  • Andropogon vestitus Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 378 (1854).
  • Trachypogon gracilis Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 50 (1857).
  • Trachypogon gracilis var. ciliatus Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 50 (1857).
  • Trachypogon gracilis var. hirtus Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 50 (1857).
  • Trachypogon micans Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 47 (1857).
  • Trachypogon montufarii var. grandiflorus Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 49 (1857).
  • Trachypogon montufarii var. pauciflorus Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 49 (1857).
  • Trachypogon preslii Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 50 (1857).
  • Trachypogon preslii var. secundus (J.Presl) Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 50 (1857).
  • Trachypogon truncatus (Nees) Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 49 (1857).
  • Trachypogon violaceus Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 14: 49 (1857).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus Hack. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(3): 263 (1883), nom. superfl.
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. canescens (Nees) Hack. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(3): 263 (1883).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus subvar. dactyloides (Steud.) Hack. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(4): 265 (1883).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus subvar. gracilis (Andersson) Hack. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(4): 265 (1883).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. ligularis (Nees) Hack. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(4): 265 (1883).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus subvar. mollis (Nees) Hack. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(3): 265 (1883).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. montufarii (Kunth) Hack. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(3): 264 (1883).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. plumosus (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Hack. in C.F.P.von Martius & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Bras. 2(3): 265 (1883).
  • Trachypogon dactyloides (Steud.) E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 66 (1886).
  • Trachypogon gouinii E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 66 (1886).
  • Trachypogon montufarii var. pilosus E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 66 (1886).
  • Trachypogon muelleri E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 66 (1886).
  • Andropogon trichospirus Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 536 (1889).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. dissolutus (Nees) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 328 (1889).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. gouinii (E.Fourn.) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 327 (1889).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. karwinskyi Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 329 (1889).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus subvar. secundus (J.Presl) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 326 (1889).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. truncatus (Nees) Hack. in A.L.P.P.de Candolle & A.C.P.de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 6: 327 (1889).
  • Sorghum plumosum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 790 (1891), nom. illeg.
  • Sorghum vestitum (Steud.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 792 (1891).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. thollonii Franch., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Autun 8: 322 (1895).
  • Trachypogon polymorphus var. bolivianus Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 27: 22 (1899).
  • Trachypogon secundus (J.Presl) Scribn., Circ. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 32: 1 (1901).
  • Trachypogon karwinskyi (Hack.) Nash in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 17: 97 (1909).
  • Trachypogon palmeri Nash in N.L.Britton & al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 17: 96 (1909).
  • Trachypogon involutus Pilg. in R.E.Fries, Wiss. Erg. Schwed. Rhodesia-Kongo-Exp. 1911-1912, 1: 192 (1916).
  • Andropogon fundaensis Vanderyst, Bull. Agric. Congo Belge 9: 239 (1918), nom. provis.
  • Trachypogon durus Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 405 (1919).
  • Trachypogon planifolius Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 406 (1919).
  • Trachypogon thollonii (Franch.) Stapf in D.Oliver & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 9: 402 (1919).
  • Trachypogon plumosus var. montufarii (Kunth) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 40 (1921).
  • Trachypogon plumosus subvar. secundus (J.Presl) Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 40 (1921).
  • Trachypogon stenophyllus (Roem. & Schult.) Hitchc., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 40: 87 (1927), nom. superfl.
  • Trachypogon glaucescens Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 803 (1933).
  • Trachypogon montufarii var. bolivianus (Pilg.) Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 11: 777 (1933).
  • Trachypogon ramosus Swallen, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 9: 277 (1957).
  • Trachypogon capensis subvar. mollis (Nees) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 150 (1960).
  • Trachypogon capensis subvar. montufarii (Kunth) Roberty, Boissiera 9: 150 (1960).
  • Trachypogon densus Swallen, Phytologia 14: 94 (1966).
  • Trachypogon parviflorus Swallen, Phytologia 14: 94 (1966).
  • Trachypogon rigidifolius Swallen, Phytologia 14: 93 (1966).
  • Trachypogon montufarii var. mollis (Nees) Burkart, Fl. Ilustr. Entre Ríos 2: 504 (1969).
  • Trachypogon plumosus var. secundus (J.Presl) Beetle, Phytologia 54: 5 (1983).
  • Trachypogon mayaensis Wipff & S.D.Jones, Sida 18: 242 (1998)

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa Regional: Tropical Africa Angola, Benin, Burkina, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Provinces, Caprivi Strip, Central African Repu, Congo, Botswana, Ethiopia, Free State, French Guiana, Ghana, Ivory Coast, Kenya, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Northern Provinces, Rwanda, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe Continental: South America Argentina Northeast, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinidad-Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela Continental: North America Arizona, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, New Mexico, Texas References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Kuntze, O. 1891. Revisio generum plantarum vascularium omnium atque cellularium multarum secundum leges nomenclaturae internationales cum enumeratione plantarum exoticarum in itinere mundi collectarum. Pars I. Pp. I–CLV, 1–374. Arthur Felix, Leipzig [etc.] BHL Reference page. : 2: 794. 420

Additional references

• Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2015. Trachypogon spicatus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2015 Dec. 13. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2015. Trachypogon spicatus. Published online. Accessed: Dec. 13 2015.
• Tropicos.org 2015. Trachypogon spicatus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 13 DEc. 2015.

Vernacular names

English: Spiked Crinkleawn

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