Terminalia superba

Terminalia superba

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Myrtales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids II Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Combretaceae
Subfamilia: Combretoideae
Tribus: Combreteae
Subtribus: Terminaliinae
Genus: Terminalia
Species: Terminalia superba

Name

Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 4: 26 (1900)

• ⧼Types⧽:
  • Lectotype: G. Zenker 1871 (in fruit, July 1898; K [​fide Griffiths 1959: 862; cf. K000413969^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; Isolectotypes: B, BM, BR [​BR0000008872913^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], E [​E00217818^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], HBG [​HBG503849^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], KFTA 0001352^(JSTOR), L {L.2498870^{(GBIF, JSTOR)} [treated under number '1841'], WAG0000493^{(JSTOR, JSTOR)}}, S [​S09-26000^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], W 1899-0002292^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, WU 0038711^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}; 'Types': M-0146686 / 480103 / 177798^{(GBIF, JSTOR)} [treated under number '1841'], MO-313643 (3942618)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)} [treated under number '1841', but '4' in the label looks the same as that in the isolectotype in E]; cf. O [​V-2175807^(GBIF), without type indication]).
  • Syntypes:
    • G. Zenker 496 (with young fruit; B);
    • P.R. Preuss 1300 (in flower, January 1898; B, BM, K {K000050841^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, K000050842^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}} [ex B]; ⧼Isosyntype⧽: EA [EA000001958^(JSTOR)]).
      • Note: Griffiths regards Preuss 1300 in BM, EA and K as mere paratypes.
• Type locality: Kamerun [= Cameroon].
  • Zenker 1871: Bipinde[Bipindi], im Urwald der Niederungen.
  • Zenker 496: Yaúnde-Station.
  • Preuss: Victoria[​Limbé].

Synonyms

• Heterotypic
  • Terminalia altissima A.Chev., Vég. Utiles Afrique Trop. Franç 5: 151 (1909); not accepted by Hutchinson et al. (1954) [cited as Terminalia superba]
    • Type: A.J.B. Chevalier 16104–16138 (January; P [cf. P00379508^(GBIF) [16104], P00379509^(GBIF) [16138], P00379510^(GBIF) [16138]; all lacking any type indication]).
      • Note: Voorhoeve (1965: 89) treats only 16104 in P as type.
    • Type locality: [Côte d'Ivoire.] Bouroukrou.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Africa West Tropical Africa Benin, The Gambia [fide POWO], Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo [fide Hassler]. West-Central Tropical Africa Cabinda, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Zaïre. South Tropical Africa Angola. Note: Figueiredo & Smith (2008) recognize Angolan occurrence only in Cabinda. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Engler, A. & Diels, L. 1899[1900]. Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und -Gattungen, Vol. 4, Combretaceae excl. Combretum. Mit Tafel I–XV und 5 Figuren im Text. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. BHL Reference page. 

Additional references

• Chevalier, A. 1909. Les végétaux utiles de l'Afrique tropicale française. Fasc. 5: Première étude sur les bois de la Côte d'Ivoire. 314 pp. A. Challamel, Paris. Internet Archive Reference page. 
• Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. 2008. Plants of Angola / Plantas de Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1–279. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. ISBN 978-1-919976-45-7. PDF. Reference page.  [see page 61]
• Griffiths, M.E. 1959. A revision of the African species of Terminalia. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 55(364): 818–907. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1959.tb00042.x (via Wikipedia Library ). Reference page. 
• Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. 1954. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 1(1), 2^nd ed. Pp. I–VIII, 1–295. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Reference page. 
• Irvine, F.R. 1961. Woody Plants of Ghana: With Special Reference to Their Uses. London: Oxford University Press. Google Books Reference page.  [see page 135]
• Voorhoeve, A.G. 1965. Liberian High Forest Trees: A Systematic Botanical Study of the 75 Most Important or Frequent High Forest Trees, with Reference to Numerous Related Species. Centre for Agricultural Publications and Documentation, Wageningen. PDF Reference page. 

Links

• Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2024. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Terminalia superba. Accessed: 2024 February 18.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Terminalia superba in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2024 February 18. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2022. Terminalia superba. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 February 5. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Terminalia superba. Published online. Accessed: 5 February 2022.
• Tropicos.org 2022. Terminalia superba. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 5 February 2022.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Terminalia superba in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 5 February 2022.

Vernacular names

ak: Ɔfram
eʋegbe: Kɛgblale (Irvine 1961)
English: Limba
français: Fraké
日本語: リンバ
Kongo: Ndimba [in Yombe]
lingála: Limba
Yorùbá: Afàrà

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