Terminalia elliptica

Terminalia elliptica

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Myrtales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids II Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Combretaceae
Subfamilia: Combretoideae
Tribus: Combreteae
Subtribus: Terminaliinae
Genus: Terminalia
Species: Terminalia elliptica

Name

Terminalia elliptica Willd., Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 4(2): 969 (1806)

• Type: J.G. Klein 480 (23 ഏപ്രിൽ 1796; Lectotype: B -W 18943 -01 0 [designated by Gangopadhyay & Chakrabarty 1992: 601]).
• Type locality: India orientalis[Sri Lanka]. [Puttalam.]

Synonyms

(List may be incomplete)

• Heterotypic
  • Terminalia alata B.Heyne ex Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.: 379 (1821); not accepted by Chakrabarty & V.S.Kumar (2017) and Chakrabarty & A. Kumar (2023) [cited as T. elliptica]
    • ⧼Types⧽:
      • Holotype: B. Heyne s.n. (lost).
      • Neotype: s.coll. 165 (25 ഡിസംബർ 1893; MH [accession no. 20001, designated by Chakrabarty & V.S. Kumar 2017: 298]).
    • Type locality:
      • Holotype: "India orientalis".
      • Neotype: India. Kerala: Thodicara-Covunur.
  • Terminalia crenulata Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp.: 380 (1821); not accepted by Chakrabarty & V.S. Kumar (2017) and Chakrabarty & A. Kumar (2023) [cited as T. elliptica]
    • ⧼Types⧽:
      • Holotype: B. Heyne s.n. (lost).
      • Neotypus: s.coll. 10661 (27 ഓഗസ്റ്റ് 1914; MH [accession no. 20034, designated by Chakrabarty & V.S. Kumar 2017: 298]).
    • Type locality:
      • Holotype: "India orientalis".
      • Neotype: India. Tamil Nadu: Coimbatore Dist., Hassanur.
  • Pentaptera crenulata (Roth) DC., Prodr. 3: 15 (1828)
  • Pentaptera tomentosa Roxb. [Cat. Calc.: 34, nom. nud.] ex DC., Prodr. 3: 14 (1828), nom. illeg. nom. superfl.
    • പ്രത്യേക ശ്രദ്ധയ്ക്ക്: de Candolle cited T. alata in the protologue, thus this name can be regarded as a new one with illegal and superfluous replacement; see also Mabberley in Manilal (ed.), Bot. Hist. Hortus Malabaricus: 107 (1980).
    • ⧼Types⧽:
      • Lectotype: Wallich s.n. ([ജൂൺ 1818]; G-DC [​G00470811 (317945/1)^(JSTOR), designated by Chakrabarty & V.S. Kumar 2017: 298]).
      • Syntypes: Wallich 164 ([1815]; G-DC [​G00470800 (317942/1)^(JSTOR)]), Wallich 3978 et Wallich 3978 G (CAL).
    • Type locality: India. Hort. Bot. Calcutt.
  • Pentaptera macrocarpa Wall., Numer. List: n. 3982 (1831), nom. nud.; cited under T. tomentosa var. crenulata by Clarke (1878)
    • Original material: K-W {K001117830^(JSTOR), K001117831^(JSTOR)}.
    • Locality: [Burma.] Yenangheum[​Yenangyaung] ad mont. Prome[​Pyay].
  • Pentaptera coriacea Roxb., [Hort. Bengal.: 34 (1814), nom. nud.], Fl. Ind. 2: 438 (1832)
    • Lectotype: [unpubl. icon] Icones Roxburghianae No. 1847 (CAL [designated by Gangopadhyay & Chakrabarty 1997: 352]; copy: K).
    • Type locality: India. [Andhra Pradesh or Tamil Nadu?:] "[T]he inland mountains of Coromandel, chiefly those of the western parts."
  • Pentaptera crenulata Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 438 (1832), nom. illeg., non (Roth) DC. (1828)
    • Lectotype: [unpubl. icon] Icones Roxburghianae No. 1846 (CAL [designated by Gangopadhay & Chakrabarty 1997: 352]; copy: K).
  • Terminalia tomentosa (Roxb. ex DC.) Wight & Arn., Cat. Ind. Pl.: 63 (1833), nom. illeg. nom. superfl.; not accepted by Chen & Turland (2007) [cited as T. alata], Chakrabarty & V.S. Kumar (2017) and Chakrabarty & A. Kumar (2023) [cited as T. elliptica]
  • Terminalia coriacea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. 1: 315 (1834); not accepted by Chakrabarty & V.S. Kumar (2017) [cited as Terminalia elliptica]
  • Terminalia glabra (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. var. tomentosa (Roxb. ex DC.) Dalzell & A.Gibson, Bombay Fl.: 91 (1861); not accepted by Chakrabarty & A. Kumar (2023) [cited as T. elliptica]
  • Terminalia crenulata var. macrocarpa Kurz, Forest Fl. Burma 1: 459 (1877)
    • Lectotype: Myanmar, Yomah, near 'Myrodine' [without precise date] Kurz 1303 (CAL [​CAL0000212261 (163833), designated by Chakrabarty & A. Kumar 2023]; Isolectotype: CAL [​CAL0000212258]).
    • Additional original materials:
      • Myanmar, Pegu, Col.Byre? (CAL [​CAL0000212259 (163837)]).
      • [without specific locality or date], s.coll. (CAL [​CAL0000212260 (163838)]).
  • Terminalia tomentosa var. coriacea (Roxb.) C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India [J.D. Hooker] 2: 448 (1878)
  • Terminalia tomentosa var. crenulata (Roth) C.B.Clarke, Fl. Brit. India [J.D. Hooker] 2: 448 (1878); not accepted by Chakrabarty & A. Kumar (2023) [cited as T. elliptica]
  • ?Terminalia tomentosa var. nepalensis Haines, Bot. Bihar Orissa 3: 354 (1922); placed hesitantly under T. elliptica by Chakrabarty & A. Kumar (2023) [cited as T. elliptica]
    • Type locality: 'Lower hills and valleys of the Northern Area, entering Nepal.'
  • Terminalia alata var. tomentosa C.E. Parkinson, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. 1(1): 9, in clavis (1937), nom. inval., no Latin descr.
  • Terminalia coriacea var. peguensis C.E.Parkinson, Indian Forest Rec., Bot. 1(1): 9, in clavis (1937), nom. inval.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Asia-Tropical Indian Subcontinent Assam (Manipur), Bangladesh, East Himalaya (Darjiling, Sikkim), India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal), Nepal. Indo-China Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Willdenow, C.L. 1806. Species Plantarum. Editio quarta. Tomus 4. Pars 2. Pp. 634–1157. Impensis G. C. Nauk, Berolini [Berlin]. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 

Additional references

• Roxburgh, W. 1814. Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta. Serampore. BHL Reference page. 
• Roth, A.W. & Heyne, B. 1821. Novae Plantarum Species praesertim Indiae orientalis: Ex collectione doct. Benj. Heynii. iv + 412 pp, Halberstadii, Sumptibus H. Vogleri. BHL Reference page. 
• De Candolle, A.P. 1828. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis normas digesta. Pars 3: Sistens Calyciflorarum ordines XXVI. 494 pp. Treuttel et Würtz, Parisiis [Paris]. BHL Reference page. 
• Roxburgh, W. (†) 1832. Flora Indica; or, descriptions of Indian Plants. by the late William Roxburgh. Serampore: W. Thacker & Co. Calcutta; Parbury, Allen & Co., London. Vol. 2. 691 pp. BHL Reference page. 
• Wight, R. & Walker-Arnott, G.A. 1834. Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis: containing abridged descriptions of the plants found in the peninsula of British India, arranged according to the natural system. Vol. I. XXXVII+480 pp. Parbury, Allen, & Co., London. BHL Reference page. 
• Wallich, N. 1828–1849. A Numerical List of Dried Specimens of plants in the Museum of the Honl. East India Company, which have been supplied by Dr. Wallich, superintendent of the botanic garden at Calcutta. London. BHL Reference page. 
• Dalzell, N.A. & Gibson, A. 1861. The Bombay flora: or, short descriptions of all the indigenous plants hitherto discovered in or near the Bombey presidency; together with a supplement of introduced and naturalised species. 332 pp. Bombay: Education Society's Press, Byculla. BHL Reference page. 
• Kurz, S. 1877. Forest Flora of British Burma. Vol. 1. Calcutta. BHL Reference page. 
• Hooker, J.D., assisted by various botanists. 1876–1879. The Flora of British India Vol. 2. Sabiaceae to Cornaceae. 792 pp. London: L. Reeve. BHL Reference page. 
• Haines, H.H. 1921. Part. 1-3; 1921-1922-1925. The Botany of Bihar and Orissa and account of all the known indigenous plants of the province ... Part. 1: 199 pp. part.2 227 pp., part.3: 196 pp. London. BHL Reference page. 
• Gangopadhyay, M. & Chakrabarty, T. 1992. Notes on Terminalia L. (Combretaceae). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 16(3): 601–603. Reference page. 
• Gangopadhyay, M. & Chakrabarty, T. 1997. The family Combretaceae of Indian Subcontinent. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany 21(2): 281–364. ResearchGate . Reference page. 
• Chen, J. & Turland, N.J. 2007. Terminalia. Pp. 309, 310 in Wu, Zh.Y. , Raven, P.H. & Hong, D.-Y. (eds.), Flora of China. Volume 13: Clusiaceae through Araliaceae. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, ISBN 978-1-930723-59-7. efloras Reference page. 
• Chakrabarty, T. & Sampath Kumar, V. 2017. Terminalia elliptica (Combretaceae) is not conspecific with T. arjuna. Phytotaxa 295(3): 297–300. DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.295.3.12 Reference page. 
• Chakrabarty, T., Krishna, G. & Rasingam, L. 2019. Taxonomic notes on Indian Terminalia (Combretaceae). Plant Science Today 6(3): 281–286. DOI: 10.14719/pst.2019.6.3.539 Reference page.  [see page 285]
• Chakrabarty, T. & Kumar, A. 2023. A synopsis of Indo-Burmese Combretaceae. Brittonia 75(3): 269–299. DOI: 10.1007/s12228-023-09756-w (via Wikipedia Library ). Reference page. 

Links

• International Plant Names Index. 2022. Terminalia elliptica. Published online. Accessed 3 ജൂൺ 2022.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Terminalia elliptica in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2024 ജനുവരി 14. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2024. Terminalia elliptica. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2024. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2024 ജനുവരി 14. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

বাংলা: আসন
English: Indian Laurel
हिन्दी: साज
ភាសាខ្មែរ: ឈ្លីក
ಕನ್ನಡ: ಮತ್ತಿ
ລາວ: ເຊືອກ
मराठी: अईन
မြန်မာဘာသာ: ထောက်ကြံ့
संस्कृतम्: असन
ไทย: รกฟ้า

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