Terminalia superba

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Myrtales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids II Ordo: Myrtales

Familia: Combretaceae
Subfamilia: Combretoideae
Tribus: Combreteae
Subtribus: Terminaliinae
Genus: Terminalia
Species: Terminalia superba

Name

Terminalia superba Engl. & Diels, Monogr. Afr. Pfl. 4: 26 (1900)

Types:
- Lectotype: G. Zenker 1871 (in fruit, July 1898; K [fide Griffiths 1959: 862; cf. K000413969^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}]; Isolectotypes: B, BM, BR [BR0000008872913^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], E [E00217818^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], HBG [HBG503849^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], KFTA 0001352^(JSTOR), L {L.2498870^{(GBIF, JSTOR)} [treated under number '1841'], WAG 0000493^{(JSTOR, JSTOR)}}, S [S09-26000^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}], W 1899-0002292^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, WU 0038711^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}; 'Types': M-0146686 / 480103 / 177798^{(GBIF, JSTOR)} [treated under number '1841'], MO-313643 (3942618)^{(GBIF, JSTOR)} [treated under number '1841', but '4' in the label looks the same as that in the isolectotype in E]; cf. O [V-2175807^(GBIF), without type indication]).
- Syntypes:
  - G. Zenker 496 (with young fruit; B);
  - P.R. Preuss 1300 (in flower, January 1898; B, BM, K {K000050841^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}, K000050842^{(GBIF, JSTOR)}} [ex B]; Isosyntype: EA [EA000001958^(JSTOR)]).
    - Note: Griffiths regards Preuss 1300 in BM, EA and K as mere paratypes.
Type locality: Kamerun [= Cameroon].
- Zenker 1871: Bipinde[Bipindi], im Urwald der Niederungen.
- Zenker 496: Yaúnde-Station.
- Preuss: Victoria[Limbé].

Synonyms

Heterotypic
- Terminalia altissima A.Chev., Vég. Utiles Afrique Trop. Franç 5: 151 (1909); not accepted by Hutchinson et al. (1954) [cited as Terminalia superba]
  - Type: A.J.B. Chevalier 16104–16138 (January; P [cf. P00379508^(GBIF) [16104], P00379509^(GBIF) [16138], P00379510^(GBIF) [16138]; all lacking any type indication]).
    - Note: Voorhoeve (1965: 89) treats only 16104 in P as type.
  - Type locality: [Côte d'Ivoire.] Bouroukrou.

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Africa
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin, The Gambia [fide POWO], Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, Togo [fide Hassler].
- West-Central Tropical Africa
  - Cabinda, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Zaïre.
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola.
    - Note: Figueiredo & Smith (2008) recognize Angolan occurrence only in Cabinda.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Engler, A. & Diels, L. 1899[1900]. Monographien afrikanischer Pflanzen-Familien und -Gattungen, Vol. 4, Combretaceae excl. Combretum. Mit Tafel I–XV und 5 Figuren im Text. Leipzig: Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann. BHL Reference page.

Additional references

Chevalier, A. 1909. Les végétaux utiles de l'Afrique tropicale française. Fasc. 5: Première étude sur les bois de la Côte d'Ivoire. 314 pp. A. Challamel, Paris. Internet Archive Reference page.
Figueiredo, E. & Smith, G.F. 2008. Plants of Angola / Plantas de Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1–279. South African National Botanical Institute, Pretoria. ISBN 978-1-919976-45-7. PDF. Reference page. [see page 61]
Griffiths, M.E. 1959. A revision of the African species of Terminalia. Journal of the Linnean Society. Botany 55(364): 818–907. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1959.tb00042.x (via Wikipedia Library ). Reference page.
Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. 1954. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 1(1), 2^nd ed. Pp. I–VIII, 1–295. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Reference page.
Irvine, F.R. 1961. Woody Plants of Ghana: With Special Reference to Their Uses. London: Oxford University Press. Google Books Reference page. [see page 135]
Voorhoeve, A.G. 1965. Liberian High Forest Trees: A Systematic Botanical Study of the 75 Most Important or Frequent High Forest Trees, with Reference to Numerous Related Species. Centre for Agricultural Publications and Documentation, Wageningen. PDF Reference page.

Links

Global Biodiversity Information Facility. 2024. GBIF Backbone Taxonomy. Checklist dataset. Taxon: Terminalia superba. Accessed: 2024 February 18.
Govaerts, R. et al. 2024. Terminalia superba in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2024 February 18. Reference page.
Hassler, M. 2022. Terminalia superba. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2022. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2022 February 5. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2022. Terminalia superba. Published online. Accessed: 5 February 2022.
Tropicos.org 2022. Terminalia superba. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 5 February 2022.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Terminalia superba in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 5 February 2022.

Vernacular names

ak: Ɔfram
eʋegbe: Kɛgblale (Irvine 1961)
English: Limba
français: Fraké
日本語: リンバ
Kongo: Ndimba [in Yombe]
lingála: Limba
Yorùbá: Afàrà

For more multimedia, look at Terminalia superba on Wikimedia Commons.