Solanum africanum

Solanum africanum, Agulhas National Park, South Africa

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Solanales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Solanales

Familia: Solanaceae
Subfamilia: Solanoideae
Tribus: Solaneae
Genus: Solanum
Subgenus: S. subg. Lyciosolanum
Species: Solanum africanum

Name

Solanum africanum Mill. (1768: 26 s.v. "Solanum")

• Lectotype: "Solanum dulcamarum Africanum, foliis crassis hirsutis" in Dillenius, Hort. Eltham. 2: 365, t. 273, f. 352. 1732
  • Epitype: s.c. s.n. (Dill-HE 273-352, sheet 1, OXF)
    • Both designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016)
• Type locality: South Africa. Cape of Good Hope.

Synonyms

(After Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)

Homotypic

• Solanum crassifolium Lam. (1794:16)
  • Lectotype designated by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016)
• Witheringia crassifolia (Lam.) Dunal (1813:108)
• Solanum quadrangulare var. crassifolium (Lam.) Bitter (1917:431)

Heterotypic

• Solanum quadrangulare Thunb. ex L.f. (1781:147)
  • Lectotype: P. Thunberg [476] (LINN 248.26, without any type indication)
    • Designater by Knapp & Vorontsova (2016)
  • Type locality: South Africa. Western Cape: "Cape of Good Hope".
• Solanum bracteatum Thunb. (1818:16).
  • See Knapp & Vorontsova (2016) for a discussion about the proper place of publication of this name.
  • Type specimen: No specimens found (Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016).
  • Type location: South Africa.
• Solanum aggerum Dunal (1852:103)
  • Holotype: P.P.S. Krauss s.n. (G00301688, G)
  • Isotype (possible): MO (Barcode: MO-2368347, Accession: 1811850, without any type indication)
  • Type location: South Africa. Western Cape: "Cape, in oasis Zitzikania".
• Solanum exasperatum Drège ex Dunal (1852:104)
  • Holotype: J.F. Drège s.n. (G00145074, G-DC)
  • Isotype: MPU (MPU011259)
  • Type location: Type. South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal: "in frutecetis haud procul a maris littore, inter Umcomas [Unkomaas] et Natal"
• Solanum geniculatum Drège ex Dunal (1852:105)
  • Holotype: J.F. Drège s.n. (G00145049, G-DC)
  • Isotype: K (K000414161^(mirror), without any type indication)
  • Type location: South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal: "in frutecetis inter Umsamculo [Umzimkhulu?] et Omcomas [Unkomaas], haud procul a maris littore".
• Solanum longipes Dunal (1852:85)
  • Holotype: J.F. Drège s.n. (G00144869, G-DC)
  • Type location: South Africa. KwaZulu-Natal: Natal, "locis natalis incestus".
• Solanum quadrangulare var. integrifolium Dunal (1852:77)
  • Holotype: J.F. Drège s.n. (G00144675, G-DC)
  • Isotype: K (K000414165^(mirror), without any type indication)
  • Type location: South Africa. Western Cape: Stellenbosch.
• Solanum quadrangulare var. sinuato-angulatum Dunal (1852:77)
  • Holotype: J.F. Drège s.n. (G00144659, G-DC)
  • Isotype: K (K000414162^(mirror), without any type indication)
  • Type location: South Africa. Western Cape: between Cape Town and Stellenbosch.
• Solanum quadrangulare var. glabrum Dammer (1906:179)
  • Syntype: Rust 430, 484 (likely at B and destroyed, no duplicates found, Knapp & Vorontsova, 2016)
  • Type location: South Africa. Western Cape: Riversdale.

References

• Bitter, G. (1917) Solana Africana II. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54:416–506. Online.
• Dammer, U. (1906)["1907"] Solanaceae africanae I. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 38:176–196.
• Dunal, M.F. (1813) Histoire naturelle, médicale et économique des Solanum et des genres qui ont été confondus avec eux. III+248pp. Renaud, Montpellier. Gbooks.Reference page. 
• Dunal, M.F. 1852. Solanaceae. In Candolle, A.L.P.P. de (ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis 13(1): 1–690. V. Masson, Paris. BHL. Reference page. 
• Knapp, S. & Vorontsova, M.S. (2016) A revision of the "African Non-Spiny" Clade of Solanum L. (Solanum sections Afrosolanum Bitter, Benderianum Bitter, Lemurisolanum Bitter, Lyciosolanum Bitter, Macronesiotes Bitter, and Quadrangulare Bitter: Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 66:1–142.DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.66.8457.
• Lamarck, J.-B. 1794–1819 ["1793"]. Tableau encyclopédique et méthodique des trois règnes de la nature. Botanique. Tome second. 551 pp., tt. 112–445. Panckoucke, Paris. BHL Biblioteca Digital Reference page. 
• Linnaeus, C. (filius) 1782 ["1781"]. Supplementum Plantarum systematis vegetabilium editionis decimae tertiae, generum plantarum editionis sextae, et specierum plantarum editionis secundae. [XVI]+468 pp. Impensis Orphanotrophei, Brunsvigae [Braunschweig]. BHL Reference page. 
• Miller, P. 1768. The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery. Ed. 8, 3 volumes (without pagination), John & Francis Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541 Reference page. 
• Thunberg, C.P. 1818–1820. Flora Capensis: sistens plantas promontorii Bonae Spei Africes: secundum systema sexuale emendatum. Vol. 2, Hafniae [Copenhagen]: apud G. Bonnierum. BHL Reference page. 

Vernacular names

Afrikaans: Dronkbessie
English: Dune Nightshade

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