Radiolaria
Name[redaktə]
Radiolaria Müller, 1858
Synonyms:
- sensu lato: Phaeodaria plus Radiozoa
- sensu stricto: Radiozoa
References[redaktə]
- Anderson, O.R., 1983. Radiolaria. Springer-Verlag. Springer, New York, 365 pp.
- Boltovskoy, D.; Anderson, O.R.; Correa, N.M. (2017). Radiolaria and Phaeodaria. In: Archibald, J.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Slamovits, C. (Eds.). Handbook of the Protists. Springer, pp. 1-33. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-32669-6_19-2
- Haeckel, E., 1860a. Über neue, lebende Radiolarien des Mittelmeeres und legte die dazu gehörigen Abbildungen. Monat. Königl. Preuß. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1860: 794–817.
- Haeckel, E., 1860b. Fernere Abbildungen und Diagnosen neuer Gattungen und Arten von lebenden Radiolarien des Mittelmeeres. Monat. Königl. Preuß. Akad. Wiss. Berlin, 1860: 835–845.
- Haeckel, E., 1862-1888. Die Radiolarien. (Rhizopoda Radiaria.) Eine Monographie. Georg Reimer, Berlin
- 1. Theil (Text). 1862.
- 1. Theil (Tafeln). Atlas von fünf und dreissig Kupfertafeln. 1862.
- 2. Theil. Grundriss einer allgemeinen Naturgeschichte der Radiolarien. Mit 64 Tafeln. 1887.
- 3. Theil. Die Acantharien oder Actipyleen Radiolarien. Mit 12 Tafeln. 1888.
- 4. Theil. Die Phaeodarien oder Cannopyleen Radiolarien. Mit 30 Tafeln. 1888.
- Haeckel, E. 1882. Entwurf eines Radiolarien-Systems auf Grund von Studien der Challenger-Radiolarien. Jenaische Zeitschrift Naturwissenschaft, 15(8): 418–472. BHL Reference page.
- Haeckel, E., 1884. Über die Ordnungen der Radiolarien. Sitz. Jena. Gesell. Med. Naturwiss., 1883: 18–36.
- Haeckel, E. 1887. Report on the Radiolaria collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Reports of Science Research Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger. Zoology Vol. XVIII, Pl. 74, figs. 13, 14. Reference page.
- Suzuki, N. & Y. Aita (2011). Achievement and unsolved issues on radiolarian studies: taxonomy and cytology. Plankton & Benthos Research. 6(2): 69–91.
Links[redaktə]
Vernacular names[redaktə]
български: Радиоларии
català: Radiolari
čeština: mřížovci, radiolárie
Deutsch: Strahlentierchen
English: radiolarians
Esperanto: Radiulo
español: Radiolario
euskara: Erradiolario
فارسی: شعاعیان
français: Radiolaires
italiano: Radiolari
日本語: 放散虫
Latina: Radiolaria
Plattdüütsch: Radiolaria
Nederlands: Stralendiertjes
polski: Promienice
português: Radiolaria
русский: Радиолярии
српски / srpski: Радиоларије
svenska: Radiolarier
Türkçe: Işınlılar
українська: Радіолярії
中文: 放射蟲
Alternative classifications[redaktə]
Müller (1858)[redaktə]
From Müller, J. (1858). Über die Thalassicollen, Polycystinen und Acanthometren des Mittelmeeres. Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin.
- Rhizopoda radiaria s. radiolaria
- Radiolaria solitaria
- Thalassicollae
- Polycystina
- Acanthometrae
- Radiolaria polyzoa
- Sphaerozoum
- Collosphaera
- Radiolaria solitaria
Haeckel (1862)[redaktə]
From Haeckel, E. (1862). Die Radiolarien (Rhizopoda radiaria): eine Monographie. Vol. 1. Reimer, Berlin.
Radiolaria
- Monozoa (Radiolaria solitaria, Monocyttaria)
- Polyzoa (Radiolaria socialis, Polycyttaria)
Bütschli (1880–1889)[redaktə]
From Bütschli, O. (1880–1889). Dr. H.G. Bronn's Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs: wissenschaftlich dargestellt in Wort und Bild. Erster Band: Protozoa. Abt. I, Sarkodina und Sporozoa, 1880-82 [1]. Abt. III, Infusoria und System der Radiolaria, 1887-89 [2]. C.F. Winter, Leipzig.
Phylum Protozoa
Haeckel (1887)[redaktə]
From Haeckel, E. (1887). Report on the radiolarian collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. In: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76 . Zoology, Vol. 18, pt. 1, pt. 2, plates.
Radiolaria
- Porulosa or Holotrypasta
- Peripylea or Spumellaria
- Actipylea or Acantharia
- Osculosa or Merotrypasta
- Monopylea or Nassellaria
- Cannopylea or Phaeodaria
Campbell (1954)[redaktə]
Campbell, A. S. Radiolaria. In: Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part D Protista 3 (Chiefly Radiolarians And Tintinnines), 1954, [3].
- Subphylum Sarcodina
- Class Actinopoda Calkins, 1909
- Subclass Radiolaria Müller, 1858
- Order Porulosida Haeckel, 1887
- Suborder Acantharina Haeckel, 1862
- Division Astrolophi Campbell, nov
- Superfamily Astrolophicae Haeckel, 1882
- Superfamily Actinastricae Popofsky, 1904
- Superfamily Astrolonchicae Haeckel, 1882
- Division Acanthophracti Hertwig, 1879
- Superfamily Dorataspidicae Haeckel, 1862
- Superfamily Belonaspidicae Haeckel, 1887
- Division Astrolophi Campbell, nov
- Suborder Spumellina Ehrenberg, 1875
- Division Collodari Haeckel, 1882
- Superfamily Thalassicolicae Haeckel, 1862
- Superfamily Thalassosphaericae Haeckel, 1862
- Superfamily Orosphaericae Haeckel, 1887
- Division Sphaerellari Haeckel, 1882
- Superfamily Liosphaericae Haeckel, 1882
- Superfamily Ellipsidiicae Haeckel, 1887
- Superfamily Cenodiscicae Haeckel, 1887
- Subsuperfamily Cenodiscilae Haeckel, 1887
- Subsuperfamily Euchitoniilae Haeckel, 1887
- Superfamily Laracariicae Haeckel, 1887
- Division Collodari Haeckel, 1882
- Suborder Acantharina Haeckel, 1862
- Order Osculosida Haeckel, 1887
- Suborder Nassellina Ehrenberg, 1875
- Division Plectellari Haeckel, 1887
- Superfamily Cystidiicae Haeckel, 1883
- Superfamily Plagoniicae Haeckel, 1882
- Superfamily Stephaniicae Haeckel, 1887
- Division Cyrtellari Haeckel, 1882
- Superfamily Triospyridicae Haeckel, 1882
- Superfamily Archipiliicae Haeckel, 1882
- Subsuperfamily Archipiliilae Haeckel, 1882
- Subsuperfamily Sethopiliilae Haeckel, 1882
- Subsuperfamily Theopiliilae Haeckel, 1882
- Subsuperfamily Triacartilae Campbell, nom. nov.
- Superfamily Cannobotrydicae Haeckel, 1882
- Division Plectellari Haeckel, 1887
- Suborder Phaeodarina Haeckel, 1879
- Superfamily Phaeodinicae Haeckel, 1879
- Superfamily Aulosphaericae Haeckel, 1862
- Superfamily Challengeriicae Murray, 1876
- Superfamily Conchariicae Haeckel, 1879
- Superfamily Coelodendricae Haeckel, 1862
- Suborder Nassellina Ehrenberg, 1875
- Order Porulosida Haeckel, 1887
- Subclass Radiolaria Müller, 1858
- Class Actinopoda Calkins, 1909
Kudo (1954)[redaktə]
Protozoology, 4th ed., [4].
- Phylum Protozoa Goldfuss
- Subphylum 1 Plasmodroma Doflein
- Class 2 Sarcodina Hertwig and Lesser
- Subclass 1 Rhizopoda Siebold
- Subclass 2 Actinopoda Calkins
- Order 2 Radiolaria Müller
- Suborder 1 Actipylea Hertwig
- Family 1 Actineliidae
- Genus Actinelius
- Family 2 Acanthociasmidae
- Genus Acanthociasma
- Family 3 Acanthometridae
- Genus Acanthometron
- Family 4 Acanthoniidae
- Genus Acanthonia
- Family 5 Amphilonchidae
- Genus Amphilonche
- Family 6 Sphaerocapsidae
- Genus Sphaerocapsa
- Family 7 Diploconidae
- Genus Diploconus
- Family 8 Hexalaspidae
- Genus Hexaconus
- Family 1 Actineliidae
- Suborder 2 Peripylea Hertwig
- Family 1 Physematiidae
- Genus Lampoxanthium
- Family 2 Thalassicollidae
- Genus Thalassicolla
- Family 3 Thalassophysidae
- Genus Thalassophysa
- Family 4 Thalassothamnidae
- Genus Thalassothamnus
- Family 5 Orosphaeridae
- Genus Orosphaera
- Family 6 Sphaeroidae
- Genus Hexacontium
- Family 7 Prunoidae
- Genus Pipetta
- Family 8 Discoidae
- Genus Staurocyclia
- Family 9 Larcoidae
- Genus Cenolarus
- Family 10 Sphaerozoidae
- Genus Sphaerozoum
- Family 11 Collosphaeridae
- Genus Collosphaera
- Family 1 Physematiidae
- Suborder 3 Monopylea Hertwig
- Family 1 Nassoidae
- Genus Cystidium
- Family 2 Plectoidae
- Genus Triplagia
- Family 3 Stephoidae
- Genus Lithocircus
- Family 4 Cyrtoidae
- Genus Dictyophimus
- Family 5 Botryoidae
- Genus Phormobothrys
- Family 1 Nassoidae
- Suborder 4 Triplylea Hertwig
- Family 1 Aulacanthidae
- Genus Aulacantha
- Family 2 Caementellidae
- Genus Caementella
- Family 3 Sagosphaeridae
- Genus Sagenoscene
- Family 4 Aulosphaeridae
- Genus Aulosphaera
- Family 5 Cannosphaeridae
- Genus Cannosphaera
- Family 6 Challengeridae
- Genus Challengeron
- Family 7 Medusettidae
- Genus Medusetta
- Family 8 Castanellidae
- Genus Castanidium
- Family 9 Circoporidae
- Genus Circoporus
- Family 10 Tuscaroridae
- Genus Tuscarora
- Family 11 Coelodendridae
- Genus Coelodendrum
- Family 1 Aulacanthidae
- Suborder 1 Actipylea Hertwig
- Order 2 Radiolaria Müller
- Class 2 Sarcodina Hertwig and Lesser
- Subphylum 1 Plasmodroma Doflein
Honigberg et al. (1964)[redaktə]
In Class Actinopodea
Subclass Radiolaria
- Order Porulosida
- Order Occlusida
Anderson (1983)[redaktə]
Anderson, O. R. (1983). Radiolaria. Springer-Verlag, New York, [5].
Cavalier-Smith (1993)[redaktə]
From Kingdom Protozoa and its 18 phyla
In Phylum Radiozoa
Subphylum Radiolaria Müller 1858 emend. stat. nov.
- Class Polycystinea
- Class Phaeodarea
De Wever et al. (2001)[redaktə]
De Wever, P., Dumitrica, P., Caulet, J.P., Nigrini, C., Caridroit, M., 2001. Radiolarians in the Sedimentary Record. Taylor & Francis, [6], [7].
- Kingdom Protista (or Protoctista) [p. xxi]
- Subkindom Protozoa
- Phylum Sarcomastigophora
- Subphylum Sarcodina
- Superclass Actinopodea (informal name: actinopods; traditional name: radiolarians, heliozoans)
- Class Polycystina (informal name: polycystines; traditional name: radiolarians)
- Class Phaeodaria (informal name: phaeodarians; traditional name: radiolarians)
- Class Heliozoa (informal name: heliozoans; traditional name: sun animalcules)
- Class Acantharia (informal name: acantharians; traditional name: sun animalcules)
- Superclass Actinopodea (informal name: actinopods; traditional name: radiolarians, heliozoans)
- Subphylum Sarcodina
- Phylum Sarcomastigophora
- Subkindom Protozoa
- Class Actinopoda [p. 54]
- Subclass Radiolaria Müller 1858
- Superorder Polycystina Ehrenberg 1838, emend. Riedel, 1967
- Order †Archaeospicularia
- Order †Albaillellaria
- Order †Latentifistularia
- Order Spumellaria
- Order Collodaria
- Order †Entactinaria
- Order Nassellaria
- Superorder Polycystina Ehrenberg 1838, emend. Riedel, 1967
- Subclass Radiolaria Müller 1858
Cavalier-Smith (2002)[redaktə]
From The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa
In Phylum Retaria
Radiolaria
Nikolaev et al. (2005)[redaktə]
From The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes, [8].
- Bikonta
- Rhizaria
- core Cercozoa
- Phaeodarea ["Radiolaria"]
- Desmothoracida ["Heliozoa"]
- other core Cercozoa
- Phytomyxea
- Haplosporidia
- Foraminifera
- Gromiidae
- [unnamed] [= Radiolaria sensu Adl et al., 2005]
- Acantharea ["Radiolaria"]
- Taxopodida ["Heliozoa"]
- Polycystinea ["Radiolaria"]
- core Cercozoa
- Stramenopiles
- Centrohelida ["Heliozoa"]
- Rhizaria
Adl et al. (2005)[redaktə]
From Adl, S.M. et al. (2005). The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of eukaryotic microbiology. Vol. 52, no. 5, p. 399-451.
Rhizaria Cavalier-Smith 2002
- Radiolaria Müller 1858 emend. Adl et al. 2005
- Polycystinea Ehrenberg 1838emend. Haeckel 1887
- Sticholonche Hertwig 1877 (Taxopodida Fol 1883)
- Acantharia Haeckel 1881 emend. Mikrjukov 2000
Pugachev et al. (2011)[redaktə]
From Protista 3.
Protists (Eukaryota)
- Rhizaria
- Polycystina Ehrenberg, 1838 ("radiolarians") (3)
- Acantharia Müller, 1885 ("radiolarians") (3)
- [etc.]
- Cercozoa
- Phaeodaria Haeckel, 1879 ("radiolarians") (3)
- [etc.]
![]() |
For more multimedia, look at Radiolaria on Wikimedia Commons. (en) – (Please translate this into azərbaycanca.) |