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Plantago major subsp. major

From Wikispecies
Plantago major, Vallée de Grâce à Amiens (Somme), France

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Lamiales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Diaphoretickes
Cladus: CAM
Cladus: Archaeplastida
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Eudicots
Cladus: Core eudicots
Cladus: Asterids
Cladus: Lamiids
Ordo: Lamiales

Familia: Plantaginaceae
Tribus: Plantagineae
Genus: Plantago
Subgenus: Plantago subg. Plantago
Species: Plantago major
Subspecies: P. m. subsp. major

Name

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Plantago major L., Sp. Pl. 1: 112. 1753.

  • Typus: "Habitat in Europa ad vias." Lectotype: Herb. Linn. No. 144.1 (LINN), designated by: Verdcourt in Milne-Redhead & Polhill (ed.), Fl. Trop. E. Africa, Plantaginaceae: 2 (1971)

Synonyms

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  • Heterotypic
    • Plantago adriatica Campana in Cat. Hort. Ferrar.: 22 (1812)
    • Plantago altissima Loisel. in Fl. Gall.: 88 (1806), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago angustata Schur in Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 559 (1866)
    • Plantago borysthenica (Rogow.) Wissjul. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 10: 87 (1961)
    • Plantago bracteata Moench in Methodus: 459 (1794)
    • Plantago compressiscapa Opiz in B.V.von Berchtold & P.M.Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(1): 39 (1839)
    • Plantago crenata Blanco in Fl. Filip.: 56 (1837)
    • Plantago dentata Mazziari in Ionios Antologia 4: 946 (1835), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago dilatata Opiz in B.V.von Berchtold & P.M.Opiz, Oekon.-Techn. Fl. Böhm. 2(1): 39 (1839)
    • Plantago dostalii Domin in Věstn. Ceské Společn. Nauk, Tř. Mat.-Přír. 1932(17): 23 (1933)
    • Plantago dregeana C.Presl in Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 535 (1845)
    • Plantago exaltata Hornem. in Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 140 (1813)
    • Plantago fonticola Kom. in Fl. Kamtschatka 3: 98 (1930)
    • Plantago gigas H.Lév. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 2: 114 (1906)
    • Plantago gouanii J.F.Gmel. in Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 251 (1791)
    • Plantago gracilis Schult. & Schult.f. in Mant. 3: 70 (1827), not validly publ.
    • Plantago humifusa Bernh. ex Rchb. in Fl. Germ. Excurs. 2: 863 (1832)
    • Plantago japonica Franch. & Sav. in Enum. Pl. Jap. 2: 469 (1878)
    • Plantago japonica f. fastigiata Honda in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 51: 94 (1937)
    • Plantago japonica f. polystachya Makino in Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 21: 160 (1907)
    • Plantago jehohlensis Koidz. in Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 142 (1941)
    • Plantago laciniosa Domin in Věstn. Ceské Společn. Nauk, Tř. Mat.-Přír. 1932(17): 38 (1933)
    • Plantago latifolia L. in Fl. Jam.: 13 (1759)
    • Plantago leptostachys E.Mey. ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 720 (1852), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago limosa Kit. ex Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 3: 111 (1818)
    • Plantago limosa Kit. ex Sloboda in Rostlinnictví: 290 (1852)
    • Plantago littoralis Nakai in Veg. Apoi: 12, 68 (1930)
    • Plantago longiscapa Jacquem. ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 696 (1852), not validly publ.
    • Plantago loureiroi Roem. & Schult. in Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 3: 112 (1818)
    • Plantago macronipponica Yamam. in J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 10: 274 (1938)
    • Plantago major var. agrestis Fr. in Novit. Fl. Suec. Alt.: 25 (1828)
    • Plantago major var. altissima Fr. & Broberg in Fl. Hall.: 35 (1817)
    • Plantago major var. angustata Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 16 (1933)
    • Plantago major var. angustifolia Guss. in Fl. Sicul. Syn. 1: 197 (1842)
    • Plantago major var. angustissima Wahlenb. in Fl. Suecica 1: 94 (1824)
    • Plantago major f. bifida Bolzon in Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 20: 332 (1913)
    • Plantago major var. borysthenica Rogow. in Fl. Kief.: 209 (1869)
    • Plantago major subvar. brachyphylla Pilg. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 274 (1922)
    • Plantago major f. brachystachya (Wallr.) D.S.Carp. in Fl. Vermont, ed. 3: 244 (1937)
    • Plantago major var. brachystachya Wallr. in Sched. Crit.: 62 (1822)
    • Plantago major var. brasiliensis Fisch. & C.A.Mey. in Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1: 36 (1835)
    • Plantago major subvar. brevibracteata Pilg. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 8: 115 (1922)
    • Plantago major subf. brevipedicellata Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 272 (1922)
    • Plantago major f. brevipedicellata (Pilg.) Pilg. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 269: 48 (1937)
    • Plantago major var. compressiscapa (Opiz) Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 17 (1933)
    • Plantago major subvar. contracta Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 14: 165 (1916)
    • Plantago major var. crispa Bubela ex Formánek in Kvĕtna Mor. Rakousk. Slezska 1(2): 645 (1892)
    • Plantago major f. crispa (Bubela ex Formánek) Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 19 (1933)
    • Plantago major var. dentata Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 292 (1821 publ. 1822)
    • Plantago major var. desertica Pamp. in Agric. Colon. 22: 365 (1928)
    • Plantago major f. dilatata (Opiz) Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 18 (1933)
    • Plantago major var. dilatata (Opiz) Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 18 (1933)
    • Plantago major subsp. dostalii (Domin) Dostál in Kvĕtena ČSR: 1365 (1949)
    • Plantago major var. dumanii Lepage in Naturaliste Canad. 81: 61 (1954)
    • Plantago major f. dura (Pilg.) Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 13 (1933)
    • Plantago major subf. dura Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 269 (1922)
    • Plantago major f. erecta Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 267 (1922)
    • Plantago major subvar. erecta (Pilg.) Pilg. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 269: 43 (1937)
    • Plantago major var. fastigiata Wimm. & Grab. in Fl. Siles. 1: 128 (1827)
    • Plantago major var. flavovirens Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 275 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. glaberrima Lej. in A.L.S.Lejeune & R.J.Courtois, Comp. Fl. Belg. 3: 348 (1836)
    • Plantago major var. glabra Lej. in Rev. Fl. Spa: 225 (1825)
    • Plantago major subvar. incisa Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 274 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. japonica (Franch. & Sav.) Kuntze in Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 532 (1891)
    • Plantago major var. jehohlensis (Koidz.) S.X.Li in Clavis Pl. Chinae Bor.-Or., ed. 2: 615 (1995)
    • Plantago major var. lanceolata Regel in Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 1864(Suppl.): 16 (1865)
    • Plantago major f. lancifolia Lepage in Naturaliste Canad. 81: 62 (1954)
    • Plantago major f. latissima Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 275 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. leptostachya Wallr. in Sched. Crit.: 62 (1822)
    • Plantago major f. leptostachya (Wallr.) Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 267 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. luxuriosa Lunell in Midl. Naturalist (Notre Dame) 1: 236 (1910)
    • Plantago major var. macropoda Pamp. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1914: 18 (1914)
    • Plantago major var. maxima Schltdl. in Fl. Berol. 1: 108 (1823)
    • Plantago major f. maxima (Schltdl.) Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 10 (1933)
    • Plantago major f. megastachya Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 10 (1933)
    • Plantago major var. microstachya Wallr. in Sched. Crit.: 62 (1822), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago major var. microstachya Hayne in Getreue Darstell. Gew. 5: 13 (1817)
    • Plantago major f. minima (DC.) Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 13 (1933), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago major var. minima (DC.) Boenn. in Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 44 (1824), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago major var. minima Schltdl. in Fl. Berol. 1: 108 (1823)
    • Plantago major f. minor Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 275 (1922), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago major var. minor Roth in Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1(1): 441 (1827), nom. superfl.
    • Plantago major var. monstrosus (Reider) Salter ex J.Dix in Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 1: 261 (1860)
    • Plantago major var. nana (Tratt.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 10: 135 (1908)
    • Plantago major f. nervata A.T.Szabó in Index Seminum (CL, Cluj-Napoca) 1970: 67 (1971)
    • Plantago major f. ovata Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 268 (1922)
    • Plantago major subvar. ovata (Pilg.) Pilg. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 269: 44 (1937)
    • Plantago major var. pachyphylla Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 277 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. pachystachya Ces. in V.de Cesati, G.Passerini & E.G.Gibelli, Comp. Fl. Italiana 2: 285 (1874)
    • Plantago major subsp. pachystachya (Ces.) Arcang. in Comp. Fl. Ital.: 501 (1882)
    • Plantago major var. paniculata Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 292 (1821 publ. 1822)
    • Plantago major var. phyllostachya Wallr. in Sched. Crit.: 62 (1822)
    • Plantago major var. pilgeri Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 15 (1933)
    • Plantago major var. pilosiuscula Ram.Goyena in Fl. Nicarag. 2: 571 (1911)
    • Plantago major subvar. pilosula Merino in Brotéria, Sér. Bot. 14: 166 (1916)
    • Plantago major f. pleiosperma Domin in Monogr. Skup. Plantago: 10 (1933)
    • Plantago major var. polystachya Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 802 (1823), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago major var. polystachya Hayne in Getreue Darstell. Gew. 5: 13 (1817)
    • Plantago major f. polystachya (Makino) T.Yamaz. in Fl. Japan 3a: 385 (1993), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago major var. psilostachya Wallr. in Sched. Crit.: 62 (1822)
    • Plantago major var. pubescens Lange in Haandb. Danske Fl., ed. 2: 107 (1859)
    • Plantago major var. racemosa Lej. in Rev. Fl. Spa: 225 (1825)
    • Plantago major var. ramosa Roth in Enum. Pl. Phaen. Germ. 1: 441 (1827)
    • Plantago major var. rhodostachya Mert. & W.D.J.Koch in J.C.Röhling, Deutschl. Fl., ed. 3, 1: 801 (1823)
    • Plantago major var. rigidifolia Ces. in V.de Cesati, G.Passerini & E.G.Gibelli, Comp. Fl. Italiana 2: 285 (1874)
    • Plantago major subsp. rigidifolia Ces. ex Arcang. in Comp. Fl. Ital.: 501 (1882)
    • Plantago major f. rocae (Lorentz) Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 272 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. rosea Boenn. in Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 44 (1824)
    • Plantago major f. rotundata Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 271 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. runcinata Walp. in Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 401 (1843)
    • Plantago major var. sawadae Yamam. in Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 20: 41 (1930)
    • Plantago major var. scopulorum Fr. & Broberg in Fl. Hall.: 34 (1817)
    • Plantago major f. scopulorum (Fr. & Broberg) Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 268 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. sinuata (Lam.) Hayne in Getreue Darstell. Gew. 5: 13 (1817)
    • Plantago major subsp. sinuata (Lam.) Peruzzi & N.G.Passal. in Webbia 58: 449 (2003)
    • Plantago major f. sinuata (Lam.) Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 271 (1922)
    • Plantago major subf. subintegra Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 269 (1922)
    • Plantago major var. tropica Griseb. in Fl. Brit. W. I.: 389 (1861)
    • Plantago major var. uliginosa Wimm. & Grab. in Fl. Siles. 1: 128 (1827)
    • Plantago major var. ungavensis Lepage in Naturaliste Canad. 78: 347 (1951)
    • Plantago major var. vulgaris Hayne in Getreue Darstell. Gew. 5: 13 (1817)
    • Plantago major f. vulgaris (Hayne) Pilg. in Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 262 (1922)
    • Plantago maxima Ruch. in Fl. Lidi Veneti: 45 (1818), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago minima DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 408 (1805)
    • Plantago minor Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 15 (1782), opus utique oppr.
    • Plantago monstrosa Reider in Bloemk. Beschr.: 116 (1830)
    • Plantago multistachya S.H.Oh in C.W.Park, Fl. Korea 6a: 132 (2018)
    • Plantago namikawae Masam. in J. Jap. Bot. 10: 512 (1934)
    • Plantago nana Tratt. in Arch. Gewächsk. 1: t. 42 (1812)
    • Plantago officinarum Crantz in Inst. Rei Herb. 2: 329 (1766)
    • Plantago pauciflora Gilib. in Fl. Lit. Inch. 1: 16 (1782), opus utique oppr.
    • Plantago polystachia Mazziari in Ionios Antologia 4: 946 (1835), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago polystachya (Makino) Y.Kim in Korea Univ. J. Sci. Tech. 16: 40 (1975), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago quinquenervis Noronha in Verh. Batav. Genootsch. Kunsten 5(4): 25 (1790), nom. nud.
    • Plantago rocae Lorentz in Exped. Rio Negro, Bot 2: 250 (1881)
    • Plantago rosea Rchb. in Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 394 (1831)
    • Plantago sawadae (Yamam.) Yamam. in Icon. Pl. Formosan., Suppl. 5: 29 (1932)
    • Plantago scopulorum (Fr. & Broberg) Pavlova in Zhurn. Russk. Bot. Obshch. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 94, 109 (1923 publ. 1924)
    • Plantago sinuata Lam. in Tabl. Encycl. 1: 338 (1792)
    • Plantago sorokini Bunge in Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada, prepr. 6: 393 (1879)
    • Plantago stylosa Besser ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 13(1): 699 (1852), not validly publ.
    • Plantago subsinuata Hornem. in Hort. Bot. Hafn. 1: 139 (1813)
    • Plantago tabernaemontani Baumg. in Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 1: 98 (1816)
    • Plantago togashii Miyabe & Tatew. in Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 14: 79 (1935)
    • Plantago villifera Kitag. in Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 2: 30 (1935), nom. illeg.
    • Plantago vulgaris (Hayne) Pavlova in Zhurn. Russk. Bot. Obshch. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 8: 95, 109 (1923 publ. 1924)

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Cosmopolitan
    • Regional: Eurasia
      • Afghanistan, Albania, Altay, Amur, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Buryatiya, Central European Russia, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Corse, Cyprus, Czechia-Slovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hainan, Hungary, Inner Mongolia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kazakhstan, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Lebanon-Syria, Magadan, Manchuria, Mongolia, Nepal, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Norway, NW. Balkan Pen., Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Qinghai, Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saudi Arabia, Sicilia, Sinai, South European Russia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Türkey, Türkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, West Himalaya, West Siberia, Xinjiang, Yakutiya, Yemen
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Egypt, Morocco
    • Regional:Macaronesia
      • Canary Is., Cape Verde, Madeira
    • Regional: Southern Africa
      • Cape Provinces, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Namibia, Northern Provinces
    • Introduced into:
      • Alabama, Alaska, Alberta, Aleutian Is., Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Ascension, Assam, Azores, Bahamas, Belize, Bermuda, Bolivia, Brazil North, Brazil Northeast, Brazil South, Brazil Southeast, Brazil West-Central, British Columbia, California, Cambodia, Chagos Archipelago, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, Christmas I., Colombia, Colorado, Connecticut, Cook Is., Costa Rica, Cuba, Delaware, Desventurados Is., District of Columbia, Dominican Republic, DR Congo, Easter Is., El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Fiji, Florida, French Guiana, Føroyar, Galápagos, Georgia, Greenland, Guatemala, Gulf of Guinea Is., Guyana, Haiti, Hawaii, Honduras, Iceland, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Jamaica, Juan Fernández Is., Kansas, Kentucky, Kenya, Labrador, Laos, Leeward Is., Lesser Sunda Is., Louisiana, Maine, Malaya, Manitoba, Marshall Is., Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritius, Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Myanmar, Nebraska, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Caledonia, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, Newfoundland, Nicaragua, Niue, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Dakota, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario, Oregon, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Peru, Pitcairn Is., Prince Edward I., Puerto Rico, Québec, Rhode I., Samoa, Saskatchewan, Seychelles, Society Is., South Carolina, South Dakota, Southwest Caribbean, St.Helena, Suriname, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tonga, Trinidad-Tobago, Tristan da Cunha, Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Uruguay, Utah, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Venezuelan Antilles, Vermont, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Windward Is., Wisconsin, Wyoming, Yukon, Zambia, Zimbabwe

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Vernacular names

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  • العربية: لسان الحمل الكبير
  • azərbaycanca: Böyük bağayarpağı
  • беларуская: Трыпутнік вялікі
  • català: Plantatge gros
  • kaszëbsczi: Psy jãzëczk
  • čeština: Jitrocel větší
  • Cymraeg: Llydan y ffordd
  • dansk: Glat Vejbred
  • Deutsch: Breitwegerich
  • English: Greater Plantain
  • español: Llantén mayor
  • eesti: Suur teeleht
  • euskara: Plantain handi
  • فارسی: بارهنگ
  • suomi: Piharatamo
  • français: Grand plantain
  • galego: Chantaxe maior
  • Avañe'ẽ: Llanten
  • Gaelg: Cabbag Pherick
  • hrvatski: Trputac
  • hornjoserbsce: Wulki putnik
  • Kreyòl ayisyen: Planten
  • magyar: Nagy útifű
  • հայերեն: Եզան լեզու
  • Bahasa Indonesia: Daun sendok
  • íslenska: Græðisúra
  • italiano: Piantaggine maggiore
  • 日本語: セイヨウオオバコ
  • lietuvių: Plačialapis gyslotis
  • latviešu: Lielā ceļteka
  • македонски: Голем тегавец
  • Bahasa Melayu: Pokok Daun Senduk
  • မြန်မာဘာသာ: ဆေးကျော်ကြီး
  • Nederlands: Grote weegbree
  • norsk nynorsk: Groblad
  • norsk: Groblad
  • occitan: Grand plantatge
  • polski: Babka zwyczajna
  • português: Tanchagem-maior
  • Runa Simi: Saqarara
  • русский: Подорожник большой
  • srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Trputac
  • slovenčina: Skorocel väčší
  • slovenščina: Veliki trpotec
  • српски / srpski: Женска боквица
  • Sunda: Ki Urat
  • svenska: Groblad
  • тоҷикӣ: Зуф
  • ไทย: หญ้าเอ็นยืด
  • lea faka-Tonga: Filo
  • Türkçe: Büyük sinirli ot
  • українська: Подорожник великий
  • vèneto: Burati
  • vepsän kel’: Son'lehtez
  • Tiếng Việt: Mã đề
  • 中文（简体）: 宽叶车前
  • 中文（繁體）: 寬葉車前
  • 中文（臺灣）: 寬葉車前
  • 中文: 寬葉車前
For more multimedia, look at Plantago major subsp. major on Wikimedia Commons.
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