Ilex aquifolium

Ilex aquifolium, Massís del Montseny, Catalunya, Spain

Ilex aquifolium, Bucey-lès-Gy, Haute-Saône, France

Ilex aquifolium, Baden-Württemberg, Deutschland

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Aquifoliales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Euasterids II Ordo: Aquifoliales

Familia: Aquifoliaceae
Genus: Ilex
Species: Ilex aquifolium

Name

Ilex aquifolium L., Sp. Pl. 1: 125. 1753.

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Aquifolium ilex Scop., Fl. Carniol., ed. 2, 1: 116. 1771, nom. nov.
• Heterotypic
  • Aquifolium croceum Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium ferox (Aiton) Mill. ex Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium heterophyllum Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium lanceolatum Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium planifolium Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium spinosum Lam., Fl. Franç. 3: 652. 1779.
  • Aquifolium undulatum Raf., Sylva Tellur.: 44. 1838.
  • Aquifolium vulgare St.-Lag., Ann. Soc. Bot. Lyon 7: 128. 1880.
  • Ilex aquifolium f. albopicta (Loudon) Geerinck, Taxonomaniac 1: 12. 2001.
  • Ilex aquifolium f. aureopicta (Loudon) Geerinck, Taxonomaniac 1: 12. 2001.
  • Ilex aquifolium f. frivaldskyana Loes., Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 78: 262. 1901.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. barcinonae Pau, Mem. Mus. Ci. Nat. Barcelona, Ser. Bot. 1(1): 32. 1922.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. camelliifolia K.Koch
  • Ilex aquifolium var. crassifolia Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. ferox Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. heterophylla Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. nigricans Göpp.
  • Ilex aquifolium var. recurva Aiton, Hort. Kew. 1: 169. 1789.
  • Ilex balearica Desf., Hist. Arbr. France 2: 262. 1809.
  • Ilex camelliifolia Carrière, Rev. Hort. 59: 234.. 1887.
  • Ilex camelliifolia (K.Koch) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry,, Trees Great Britain 7: 1714. 1913.
  • Ilex canadensis hort. ex Decne., Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 184. 1854.
  • Ilex chrysocarpa Wender., Index Seminum (MB, Marburgensis) 1828: 3. 1828.
  • Ilex ciliata Vilm., Bon Jard. 1860: 1173. 1860.
  • Ilex ciliata hort. ex Koehne, Deut. Dendrol. 369. 1893.
  • Ilex citriocarpa Murr, Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 18: 161. 1912.
  • Ilex crassifolia Aiton ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 802. 1840.
  • Ilex echinata Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 2. 1768.
  • Ilex ferox Aiton ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 802. 1840.
  • Ilex fischeri hort. ex Carrière, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 59: 43. 1887.
  • Ilex heterophylla G.Don, Gen. Hist. 2: 17. 1832.
  • Ilex maderensis Willd., Enum. Pl. Suppl.: 8. 1814.
  • Ilex nigricans (Göpp.) A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry,, Trees Great Britain 7: 1714. 1913.
  • Ilex platyphylla hort. ex Booth, Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 9: 184. 1854.
  • Ilex sempervirens Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 70. 1796.
  • Ilex vulgaris Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 491. . 1821.

Homonyms

• Ilex aquifolium Marsh. = Ilex opaca Soland. ex Aiton

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Ilex aquifolium Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland (Irish republic), Norway, Sweden (extinct). Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium (Luxembourg), Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Baleares (Mallorca), Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain (Andorra, Spain (mainland)) Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania (doubtfully native), Sicilia (Sicily), Yugoslavia (Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia). Regional: Eastern Europe Continental: Africa Regional: Macaronesia Madeira (Madeira; introduced). Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Western Asia East Aegean Islands (Lesvos), Lebanon-Syria (Lebanon, Syria), Turkey. Continental: Australasia Regional: Australia New South Wales, South Australia (introduced). Regional: New Zealand Chatham Islands (introduced). Continental: Pacific Regional: North-Central Pacific Hawaii (Hawaiian Islands: Maui, Hawaii Island; introduced) Continental: Northern America Regional: Western Canada British Columbia (introduced). Regional: Eastern Canada Ontario (introduced). Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Oregon, Washington (introduced). Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. California (introduced). References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDGW – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum, Tomus I: 125.

Links

• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Ilex aquifolium. Published online. Accessed Oct. 26 2018.
• Hassler, M. 2018. Ilex aquifolium. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World (2019). In: Roskov Y., Abucay L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., DeWalt R.E., Decock W., De Wever A., Nieukerken E. van, Zarucchi, J., Penev L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 26.
• The Plant List 2013. Ilex aquifolium in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 26.
• Tropicos.org 2018. Ilex aquifolium . Missouri Botanical Garden. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 26.
• Euro+Med 2006 onwards: Ilex aquifolium in Euro+Med PlantBase – the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jun 7.
• Govaerts, R. et al. 2019. Ilex aquifolium in Kew Science Plants of the World online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2019 Jun 7.

Vernacular names

aragonés: Cardonera
العربية: بهشية مائية الأوراق
български: Бодливолистен джел
brezhoneg: Kelenn
català: Grèvol
corsu: Caracutu
čeština: Cesmína ostrolistá
Cymraeg: Celyn
dansk: Almindelig Kristtorn
Deutsch: Europäische Stechpalme
English: European Holly
Esperanto: Ordinara ilekso
español: Acebo
euskara: Gorosti
فارسی: خاس کریسمس
suomi: Orjanlaakeri
français: Houx commun
galego: Acivro
hrvatski: Božika
magyar: Közönséges magyal
Ido: Ilexo
íslenska: Kristþyrnir
italiano: Agrifoglio
日本語: セイヨウヒイラギ
lumbaart: Scanfòi
lietuvių: Dygialapis bugienis
македонски: Бодлика
Nederlands: Hulst
norsk nynorsk: Kristtorn
norsk: Kristtorn
Nouormand: Housse
occitan: Houx
polski: Ostrokrzew kolczasty
português: Azevinho
Runa Simi: Asiwu
русский: Падуб остролистный
sardu: Agrivoddu
slovenčina: Cezmína ostrolistá
slovenščina: Navadna bodika
Seeltersk: Dulle-Huunde
svenska: Järnek
Türkçe: Çoban Püskülü
українська: Падуб гостролистовий
Zeêuws: 'Ulst
中文（简体）‎: 欧洲冬青
中文（繁體）‎: 歐洲冬青
中文（台灣）‎: 歐洲冬青
中文: 歐洲冬青

For more multimedia, look at Ilex aquifolium on Wikimedia Commons.