Falona echinata

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Poales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Cladus: Commelinids Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Pooideae
Tribus: Poeae
Subtribus: Cynosurinae
Genus: Falona
Species: Falona echinata

Name

Falona echinata (L.) Dumort., Observ. Gramin. Belg. 114 (1824).

Synonyms

Basionym
- Cynosurus echinatus L., Sp. Pl. 1: 72 (1753).
Homotypic
- Chrysurus echinatus (L.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 123 (1812).
Heterotypic
- Chrysurus echinatus var. purpureus Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 127 (1821 publ. 1822).
- Chrysurus echinatus var. purpurascens Ten., Fl. Napol. 3: 67 (1829).
  - Cynosurus echinatus subsp. purpurascens (Ten.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 789 (1882).
- Chrysurus giganteus Ten., Fl. Napol. 4: 13 (1830).
  - Cynosurus echinatus var. giganteus (Ten.) Mutel, Fl. Franç. Herbor., Atl.: t. 84, f. 603 (1834).
  - Cynosurus echinatus subvar. giganteus (Ten.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 172 (1913).
- Cynosurus echinatus var. oblongus Mutel, Fl. Franç. Herbor., Atl.: t. 84, f. 603 (1834).
- Cynosurus castagnei Jord. ex Martrin-Donos, Fl. Tarn: 814 (1864), nom. nud.
- Cynosurus erroneus Jord. ex Martrin-Donos, Fl. Tarn: 813 (1864).
- Phalona castagnei Fourr., Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 186 (1869).
- Cynosurus hystrix Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 387 (1875).
  - Cynosurus echinatus subsp. hystrix (Pomel) Trab. in J.A.Battandier & L.C.Trabut, Fl. Algérie, Monocot.: 191 (1895).
  - Cynosurus echinatus var. hystrix (Pomel) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 64 (1931).
  - Cynosurus effusus var. hystrix (Pomel) Maire in É.Jahandiez & al., Cat. Pl. Maroc 1: 64 (1931).
- Cynosurus giganteus Nyman, Consp. Fl. Eur.: 928 (1882), pro syn.
- Cynosurus pygmaeus Porta, Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 19: 322 (1887).
- Cynosurus echinatus var. tangerinus Pau, Mem. Real Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 12(5): 398 (1894).
- Cynosurus echinatus var. erroneus (Jord. ex Martrin-Donos) Gaut., Cat. Rais. Fl. Pyr.-Or.: 440 (1898).
- Cynosurus echinatus f. foliosus Bolzon, Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1900: 332 (1900).
- Cynosurus echinatus var. thracicus Podp., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 52: 680 (1902).
- Cynosurus echinatus var. purpureus P.Palau, Anales Inst. Bot. Cavanilles 11: 500 (1953).
- Cynosurus echinatus var. diklicii Gajic, Glasn. Prir. Mus. Beogradu, Ser. B, Biol. Nauke 28: 29 (1973).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe
- Regional: Northern Europe
  - Great Britain, Ireland.
- Regional: Middle Europe
  - Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland.
- Regional: Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain.
- Regional: Southeastern Europe
  - Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia.
- Regional: Eastern Europe
  - Krym, North European Russia, Ukraine.
Continental: Africa
- Regional: Northern Africa
  - Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia.
- Regional: Macaronesia
  - Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira, Selvagens.
- Regional: Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces, Free State.
Continental: Asia-Temperate
- Regional: Russian Far East
  - Primorye.
- Regional: Middle Asia
  - Turkmenistan.
- Regional: Caucasus
  - North Caucasus, Transcaucasus.
- Regional: Western Asia
  - Cyprus, East Aegean Islands, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey.
- Regional: Arabian Peninsula
  - Saudi Arabia.
- Regional: Eastern Asia
  - Japan.
Continental: Asia-Tropical
- Regional: Indian Subcontinent
  - West Himalaya.
Continental: Australasia
- Regional: Australia
  - New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia.
- Regional: New Zealand
  - New Zealand North, New Zealand South.
Continental: Northern America
- Regional: Western Canada
  - British Columbia.
- Regional: Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Montana, Oregon, Washington.
- Regional: North-Central U.S.A.
  - Missouri, Oklahoma.
- Regional: Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia.
- Regional: Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California.
- Regional: South-Central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico.
- Regional: Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia.
- Regional: Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest.
Continental: Southern America
- Regional: Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Chile Central, Chile South, Juan Fernández Islands, Uruguay.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2^nd Edition

References

Primary references

Dumortier, B.C.J. 1824. Observations sur les Graminees de la Flore Belgique. 153 pp. 16 pl. Tournay. BHL Reference page.
Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 72. Reference page.

Links

Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Falona echinata in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2025 Jan. 5. Reference page.
International Plant Names Index. 2025. Falona echinata. Published online. Accessed: Jan. 5 2025. Reference page.
USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Falona echinata in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 07-Oct-06.

Vernacular names

suomi: Vihnesukapää
Nederlands: Stekelkamgras