Convallaria majalis

Convallaria majalis flos, Bichlhäusl in Frankenfels, Austria

Convallaria majalis fructus, Ogród Saski w Lublinie, Poland

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Asparagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Monocots Ordo: Asparagales

Familia: Asparagaceae
Subfamilia: Nolinoideae
Tribus: Convallarieae
Genus: Convallaria
Species: Convallaria majalis

Name

Convallaria majalis L., Sp. Pl. 1: 314 (1753).

Synonyms

• Homotypic
  • Lilium convallium Garsault, Fig. Pl. Méd.: t. 334 (1764), opus utiq. oppr.
  • Polygonatum majale (L.) All., Fl. Pedem. 1: 130 (1785).
  • Lilium-convallium majale (L.) Moench, Methodus: 636 (1794).
  • Convallaria fragrans Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 254 (1796), nom. superfl.
• Heterotypic
  • Convallaria latifolia Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: n.º 2 (1768).
  • Convallaria linnaei Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 59 (1790).
  • Convallaria scaposa Gilib., Exerc. Phyt. 2: 460 (1792), opus utiq. oppr.
  • Convallaria mappii C.C.Gmel., Fl. Bad. 2: 52 (1806).
  • Convallaria majalis var. flore-pleno Loisel., Herb. Gén. Amat. 1: t. 18 (1814). nom. inval., contrary to Art. 23.6. (ICN, 2012).
  • Convallaria majalis var. flore-purpurascente Loisel., Herb. Gén. Amat. 1: t. 17 (1814). nom. inval., contrary to Art. 23.6. (ICN, 2012).
  • Convallaria majalis var. bracteosa Rchb., Fl. Germ. Excurs. 1: 99 (1830).
  • Convallaria majalis var. rosea Rchb., Fl. Saxon.: 72 (1842).
  • Convallaria majalis var. variegata E.J.Lowe & W.Howard, Beaut. Leaved Pl.: 85 (1860).
  • Convallaria bracteata Dulac, Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées: 135 (1867)), nom. illeg.
  • Convallaria majalis var. prolificans Wittm., Gartenflora 38: 97 (1884).
  • Convallaria majalis f. prolificans (Wittm.) Voss, Vilm. Blumengärtn. ed. 3, 1: 1070 (1896).
  • Convallaria majalis var. rubra Anon., Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 23: 384 (1898).
  • Convallaria majalis f. picta Wilczek, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 3: 650 (1903).
  • Convallaria majalis var. latifolia (Mill.) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 314 (1905).
  • Convallaria majalis f. angustifolia Zapał., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 181 (1906).
  • Convallaria majalis f. latior Zapał., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 181 (1906).
  • Convallaria majalis subf. picta Zapał., Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 181 (1906).
  • Convallaria majalis var. laminaris F.Rosen, Izv. Tul. Obsc. Jest. 4: 168 (1916).
  • Convallaria maxima J.R.Duncan & V.C.Davies, Nursery Cat. (Duncan & Davies) 1925: 51 (1925).
  • Convallaria transcaucasica Utkin in Grossh., Fl. Kavkaza 1: 242 (1928).
  • Convallaria majalis var. transcaucasica (Utkin) Knorring in V.L.Komorov, Fl. URSS 4: 468 (1935).
  • Convallaria majalis subsp. transcaucasica (Utkin) Bordz., Fl. RSS Ucr. 3: 262 (1950).
  • Convallaria majalis f. abchasica Ponert, Feddes Repert. 86: 553 (1975).
  • Convallaria majalis f. laminaris (F.Rosen) Ponert, Feddes Repert. 86: 547 (1975).
  • Convallaria majalis convar. latifolia (Mill.) Ponert, Feddes Repert. 86: 550 (1975).
  • Convallaria majalis f. latifrons Ponert, Feddes Repert. 86: 548 (1975).
  • Convallaria majalis f. mappii (C.C.Gmel.) Ponert, Feddes Repert. 86: 546 (1975).
  • Convallaria majalis subspecioid prolificans (Wittm.) Ponert, Feddes Repert. 86: 553 (1975).
  • Convallaria majalis convar. silvaticoides Ponert, Feddes Repert. 86: 548 (1975).
  • Convallaria majalis subspecioid tetraploidiae Ponert, Feddes Repert. 86: 554 (1975).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Finland, Great Britain, Norway, Sweden Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland Regional: Southwestern Europe France, Spain Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe (introduced), Yugoslavia Regional: Eastern Europe Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Siberia Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk Regional: Middle Asia Kazakhstan Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus Regional: Western Asia Turkey Continental: Northern America (all introduced) Regional: Western Canada Saskatchewan. Regional: Eastern Canada Labrador, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Isle, Québec. Regional: Northwestern U.S.A. Washington Regional: North-Central U.S.A. Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin. Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. Connecticut, Indiana, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Regional: Southwestern U.S.A. Utah. Regional: Southeastern U.S.A. Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Linnaeus, C. 1753. Species Plantarum. Tomus I: 314. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2025. Convallaria majalis in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2025 Jan 9. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2025. Convallaria majalis. Published online. Accessed 9 Jan 2025. Reference page.
• Hassler, M. 2025. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Convallaria majalis. Accessed: 9 Jan 2025.
• Hassler, M. 2025. Convallaria majalis. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2025. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published on the internet. Accessed: 2025 Jan 9. Reference page. 

Vernacular names

• Alemannisch: Maiglöckchen
• العربية: كونفالاريا أيار
• azərbaycanca: May inciçiçəyi
• žemaitėška: Konvalėjė
• башҡортса: Ынйы сәскә
• беларуская: Ландыш майскі
• български: Момина сълза
• বাংলা: কামুদিনী
• brezhoneg: Louzaouenn-an-hañv
• català: Muguet
• čeština: Konvalinka vonná
• Cymraeg: Lili‘r dyffrynnoedd
• dansk: Liljekonval
• Deutsch: Maiglöckchen
• Ελληνικά: Μιγκέ
• English: Lily-of-the-valley
• Esperanto: Konvalo
• español: Convalaria
• eesti: Harilik maikelluke
• euskara: Mugeta
• فارسی: موگه
• suomi: Kielo
• français: Muguet de mai
• Frysk: Maaieklokje
• Gaeilge: Lile na ngleanntán
• Gaelg: Blaa Boaldyn
• עברית: שושנת העמקים
• hrvatski: Đurđica
• hornjoserbsce: Całtki
• magyar: Gyöngyvirág
• հայերեն: Հովտաշուշան
• Ido: Maifloro
• italiano: Mughetto
• 日本語: スズラン
• ქართული: შროშანა
• қазақша: Меруертгүл
• 한국어: 은방울꽃
• Ripoarisch: Maijlöcksche
• kurdî: Xeydoka gulanê
• Latina: Maialis
• лакку: Марияннул макь
• Lëtzebuergesch: Meeréischen
• Limburgs: Meizäödsje
• lietuvių: Paprastoji pakalnutė
• latviešu: Maijpuķīte
• македонски: Момина солза
• മലയാളം: ലില്ലി ഓഫ് ദ വാലി
• norsk bokmål: Liljekonvall
• Plattdüütsch: Maiklocken
• Nederlands: Lelietje-van-dalen
• norsk nynorsk: Liljekonvall
• norsk: Liljekonvall
• ирон: Джыджына
• polski: Konwalia majowa
• پنجابی: چٹے چمکے
• پښتو: سوسن
• português: Lírio-do-vale
• română: Lăcrămioară
• русский: Ландыш майский
• davvisámegiella: Giđđadivgarássi
• srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски: Đurđevak
• slovenčina: Konvalinka voňavá
• slovenščina: Šmarnica
• српски / srpski: Ђурђевак - Đurđevak
• Seeltersk: Pingsterbloume
• svenska: Liljekonvalj
• тоҷикӣ: Ливондар
• Türkçe: Müge
• удмурт: Тӧдьыгырлы
• українська: Конвалія звичайна
• vepsän kel’: Jänišankorvaižed
• Tiếng Việt: Linh lan
• 中文（简体）: 铃兰
• 中文（繁體）: 鈴蘭
• 中文（臺灣）: 鈴蘭
• 中文: 鈴蘭

For more multimedia, look at Convallaria majalis on Wikimedia Commons. (en)