Castanea sativa

Castanea sativa, Sasso Pisano, Italy (tree claimed to be 1,000 years old)

Castanea sativa, Sirtköy, Çayeli, Rize, Turkey

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Fagales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids I Ordo: Fagales

Familia: Fagaceae
Genus: Castanea
Species: Castanea sativa

Name

Castanea sativa Mill., Gard. Dict. ed. 8: no. 1 (1768).

Synonyms

• Replaced synonym
  • Fagus castanea L., Sp. Pl. 2: 997 (1753).
• Homotypic
  • Castanea vulgaris Lam., Encycl. 1: 708 (1785), nom. superfl.
  • Castanea vesca Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 181 (1788), nom. superfl.
  • Fagus procera Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 391 (1796), nom. superfl.
  • Castanea castanea (L.) H.Karst., Deut. Fl.: 495 (1881), nom. inval.
  • Castanea sativa var. typica Seemen, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 287 (1900), nom. inval.
• Heterotypic
  • Fagus castanea var. variegata Weston, Bot. Univ. 1: 107 (1770).
  • Castanea vesca var. sativa Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 248 (1821 publ. 1822).
  • Castanea vesca var. affinis Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 318 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. albida Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 313 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. argentata Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 305 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. aurata Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 315 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. christ Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 309 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. computensis Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 304 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. corticata Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 317 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. delserei Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 311 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. domestica Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 303 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. dubia Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 305 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. echinata Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 314 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. elongata Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 312 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. fauraut Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 319 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. fructifera Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 317 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. garelia Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 307 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. hyacintha Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 309 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. laciniata Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 312 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. latissima Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 310 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. lineata Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 316 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. lutea Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 314 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. marrona Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 317 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. maxima Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 319 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. media Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 304 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. nigra Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 307 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. oblonga Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 303 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. parvifolia Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 312 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. pilosa Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 308 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. praecox Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 310 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. rubra Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 306 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. rufa Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 316 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. serotina Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 317 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. siria Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 315 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. strictifolia Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 311 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. subalpina Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 302 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. thyrsoidea Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 307 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. triangularis Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 308 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. tristis Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 315 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. variabilis Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 313 (1826).
  • Castanea vesca var. vesubiana Risso, Hist. Nat. Prod. Eur. Mérid. 2: 306 (1826).
  • Castanea sativa var. asplenifolia Lodd. ex Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 3: 1984 (1838).
  • Castanea vesca var. variegata Loudon, Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 3: 1984 (1838).
  • Castanea fastigiata Briot, Rev. Hort. (Paris) 37: 469 (1866).
  • Castanea sativa f. prolifera K.Koch, Dendrologie 2(2): 21 (1873).
  • Castanea vesca var. aureovirgata Anon., Gard. Chron., n.s., 1: 794 (1874).
  • Castanea sativa f. discolor Vuk., Rad Jugoslav. Akad. Znan.: 51 (1880).
  • Castanea sativa f. aureovariegata Beissn., Handb. Laubh.-Ben.: 63 (1903).
  • Castanea sativa var. purpurea A.Henry in H.J.Elwes & A.Henry, Trees Great Britain 4: 852 (1909).
  • Castanea sativa var. microcarpa Lavialle, Congres Arbre Eau, Limoges: 99 (1910).
  • Castanea sativa var. pyramidalis (Mottet) Bean, Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 309 (1914).
  • Castanea prolifera (K.Koch) Hickel, Bull. Soc. Dendrol. France 1924: 21 (1924).
  • Castanea sativa var. spicata Husn., Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Colon. 4: 49 (1924).
  • Castanea sativa var. fastigiata (Briot) A.Camus, Chataigniers: 48 (1929).
  • Castanea sativa var. hamulata A.Camus, Chataigniers, Atlas: 73 (1929).
  • Castanea sativa var. prolifera (K.Koch) A.Camus, Chataigniers: 47 (1929).
  • Castanea sativa f. asplenifolia (Lodd. ex Loudon) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 116 (1949).
  • Castanea sativa f. fastigiata (Briot) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 116 (1949).
  • Castanea sativa f. purpurea (A.Henry) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 116 (1949).
  • Castanea sativa f. pyramidalis (Mottet) Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 116 (1949).
  • Castanea sativa f. variegata Rehder, Bibl. Cult. Trees: 653 (1949).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Europe Regional: Northern Europe Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland, Sweden. Regional: Middle Europe Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Switzerland. Regional: Southwestern Europe Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain. Regional: Southeastern Europe Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia. Regional: Eastern Europe Krym, Ukraine. Continental: Africa Regional: Northern Africa Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia. Regional: Macaronesia Canary Islands, Madeira. Continental: Asia-Temperate Regional: Caucasus North Caucasus, Transcaucasus. Regional: Western Asia East Aegean Islands, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Turkey. Continental: Northern America Regional: Northeastern U.S.A. New York. Continental: Southern America Regional: Caribbean Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica. Regional: Southern South America Juan Fernández Islands. Note: Grey script indicates introduced occurrences. References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Miller, P. 1768. The Gardeners Dictionary: containing the best and newest methods of cultivating and improving the kitchen, fruit, flower garden, and nursery. Ed. 8, 3 volumes (without pagination), John & Francis Rivington, London. DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.541 Reference page. 

Additional references

• Komarov, V.L. et al. (eds.). 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. 30 vols. Moscow/Leningrad: Botanicheskii institut, Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR. Reference page. 
• Davis, P.H. (ed.) 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. 9 vols. + Supplement. University Press, Edinburgh. Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Castanea sativa in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 Jun 25. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Castanea sativa. Published online. Accessed: Jun 25 2021.
• Tropicos.org 2021. Castanea sativa. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 25 Jun 2021.
• Hassler, M. 2021. World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. . Castanea sativa. Accessed: 25 Jun 2021.

Vernacular names

aragonés: Castanyera
asturianu: Castañal
azərbaycanca: Əkin şabalıdı
Boarisch: Kesten
български: Сладък кестен
bosanski: Pitomi kesten
català: Castanyer mediterrani
corsu: Castagnu
čeština: Kaštanovník setý
dansk: Ægte Kastanje
Deutsch: Edelkastanie
dolnoserbski: Pšawa kastanija
English: Sweet Chestnut
Esperanto: Ordinara kastaneo
español: Castaño europeo
euskara: Gaztainondo
suomi: Jalokastanja
français: Châtaignier
furlan: Cjastinâr
galego: Castiñeiro
עברית: ערמון
hrvatski: Pitomi kesten
hornjoserbsce: Prawa kastanija
magyar: Szelídgesztenye
italiano: Castagno
日本語: ヨーロッパグリ
한국어: 유럽밤나무
Lëtzebuergesch: Séisskäschtebam
lombard: Castanea sativa
lietuvių: Valgomasis kaštainis
latviešu: ēdamā kastaņa
македонски: Питом костен
Nederlands: Tamme kastanje
norsk nynorsk: Edelkastanje
occitan: Castanea sativa
polski: Kasztan jadalny
Piemontèis: Castagné
português: Castanheiro
română: Castan comestibil
русский: Каштан посевной
sicilianu: Castagnu
sardu: Castanza
slovenščina: Pravi kostanj
shqip: Gështenja e butë
српски / srpski: Питоми кестен - Pitomi kesten
svenska: Äkta kastanj
Türkçe: Anadolu kestanesi
українська: Каштан їстівний
Tiếng Việt: Dẻ thơm
walon: Cascagnî ordinaire
中文: 歐洲栗

For more multimedia, look at Castanea sativa on Wikimedia Commons.