Turraeanthus africanus

Turraeanthus africanus

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Sapindales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Rosids Cladus: Eurosids II Ordo: Sapindales

Familia: Meliaceae
Subfamilia: Melioideae
Tribus: Aglaieae
Genus: Turraeanthus
Species: Turraeanthus africanus

Name

Turraeanthus africanus (Welw. ex C.DC.) Pellegr., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 2: 16, 68 (1911); as africana

• Typus: F.M.J. Welwitsch 1306 (April 1856; holotypus: LISU-LISU206298; isotypi: BM(-BM000799672, -BM000799673), K (cf. K000432087, K000432088; both without any type indication), LISU-LISU206299.
• Type locality: [Angola.] In silvis primitivis prope Bango-Aquita, in ditione Golando alto.

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Guarea africana Welw. ex C.DC., in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 576 (1878); as G. Africana
• Homotypic
  • Bingeria africana (Welw. ex C.DC.) A.Chev., Vég. Ut. Afr. Trop. Franç. 5: 189 (1909)
• Heterotypic
  • Turraeanthus zenkeri Harms, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 23: 156 (1896); as T. Zenkeri; not accepted by Robyns & al. (1948–1963), Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay (1954–1958) and Voorhoeve (1965: 276) [cited as Turraeanthus africanus]
    • Syntypi: Zenker & Staudt 306 (13 April 1894; cf. COI(-COI00074333, without any type indication), K(-K000432091, without any type indication), P(-MNHN-P-P00391483, type of 'Uncertain status')) and Zenker 763 (23 February 1895; K (cf. K000432092, without any type indication); cf. COI-COI00074332, without any type indication).
      • Note: Voorhoeve (1965: 276) treats only the latter as type. The elements of the 'type-protologue' provided by Tropicos ('Bipinde', 'Zenker 155', 'herb. Deless.') are indeed found in C. de Candolle, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genève 10: 122 (1907).
    • Type locality: Kamerun[Cameroon]. Yaunde-Station.
      • Zenker & Staudt 306: eine Stunde östlich von der Station, Thon mit Laterit, an feuchten, halbschattigen Orten[an hour east of the station, clay with laterite, in damp, half-shady places].
      • Zenker 763: bei der Station.
  • Turraeanthus klainei Pierre ex De Wild., Ann. Mus. Congo Belge, Bot., sér. 5, 1: 272 (1906), nom. nud.; not accepted by Voorhoeve (1965: 276) [cited as Turraeanthus africanus]
    • Typus: De Wildeman cites J. Gillet 3753 (leg. Oddon, in Sanda, 1904), but Voorhoeve (1965: 276) treats Klaine 961 (K fide Voorhoeve 1965: 276, P(-MNHN-P-P00452987, -MNHN-P-P00452990)) as type.
  • Turraeanthus malchairii De Wild., Études Fl. Bangala & Ubangi: 332 (1911); not accepted by Robyns & al. (1948–1963) and Voorhoeve (1965: 276) [cited as Turraeanthus africanus]
    • Typus: Malchair 281 (BR).
  • Turraeanthus vignei Hutch. & Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 496 (1928); not accepted by Hutchinson, Dalziel & Keay (1954–1958) and Voorhoeve (1965: 276) [cited as Turraeanthus africanus]
    • Typus: C. Vigne 948 (K-K000432095; specimens with the same collector and number but without any type indication: K000432096, K000432097).
    • Type locality: [Ghana.] Cape Coast District.

Notes

The species epithet given by Pellegrin in the first publication is africana, but it should be in masculine form, i.e. africanus per the ICN (ed. 2017, Art. 62.2 (c)): "Compounds ending in ‑ceras, ‑dendron, ‑nema, ‑stigma, ‑stoma, and other neuter words, are neuter. An exception is made for names ending in ‑anthos (or ‑anthus), ‑chilos (‑chilus or ‑cheilos), and ‑phykos (‑phycos or ‑phycus), which ought to be neuter, because that is the gender of the Greek words άνθος, anthos, χείλος, cheilos, and φύκος, phykos, but are treated as masculine in accordance with tradition."

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Turraeanthus africanus Continental: Africa Regional: West Tropical Africa Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone Regional: West-Central Tropical Africa Cameroon, Central Africal Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Zaïre Regional: East Tropical Africa Uganda Regional: South Tropical Africa Angola References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

Primary references

• Pellegrin, F. 1911. Contribution à l’étude de la Flore de l’Afrique occidentale: Méliacées. Notulae Systematicae 2, 62–81. BHL Reference page. : 2: 16, 68 (1911); as africana
• Chevalier, A. 1909. Les végétaux utiles de l'Afrique tropicale française. Fasc. 5: Première étude sur les bois de la Côte d'Ivoire. 314 pp. A. Challamel, Paris. Internet Archive Reference page. 
• Lecomte, H. 1911. Notulae Systematicae, Tome 2. Librairie Paul Geuthner, Paris. BHL. Reference page. 

Additional references

• Robyns, W. et al. (eds.) 1948–1963. Flore du Congo Belge et du Ruanda-Urundi 1–10.
• Hutchinson, J., Dalziel, J.M. & Keay, R.W.J. 1954. Flora of West Tropical Africa. Vol. 1(1), 2^nd ed. Pp. I–VIII, 1–295. Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations, London. Reference page. 
• Irvine, F.R. 1961. Woody Plants of Ghana: With Special Reference to Their Uses. London: Oxford University Press. Google Books Reference page. 
• Voorhoeve, A.G. 1965. Liberian High Forest Trees: A Systematic Botanical Study of the 75 Most Important or Frequent High Forest Trees, with Reference to Numerous Related Species. Centre for Agricultural Publications and Documentation, Wageningen. PDF Reference page. 

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2021. Turraeanthus africanus in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2021 October 17. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2021. Turraeanthus africanus. Published online. Accessed: 22 October 2021.
• IUCN: Turraeanthus africana (Welw.) Pellegr. (Vulnerable)
• Tropicos.org 2021. Turraeanthus africanus. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 22 October 2021.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Turraeanthus africanus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 10 April 2021.

Vernacular names

ak: Wogya
français: Avodiré
日本語: アボジレ

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