Amoebozoa
Taxonavigation
[edit]Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Subphyla: Conosa - Lobosa - Protamoebae
Name
[edit]Amoebozoa L.S.Dillon, Syst. Zool. 12: 78. 1963 emend. Cavalier-Smith, 1998
Synonyms
[edit]Arcellozoa L.S.Dillon, Syst. Zool. 12: 78. 1963.
Similar group:
- Gymnamoebia Page, 1976 p.p. + Arcellinida Kent, 1880 p.p. + Mycetozoa de Bary, 1859 p.p.
References
[edit]Primary references
[edit]- Dillon, L.S. 1963. A reclassification of the major groups of organisms based upon comparative cytology. Systematic Zoology 12(2): 71–82. JSTOR Reference page.
Additional references
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Chao, E., Kudryavtsev, A., Berney, C., Snell, E.A. & Lewis, R. 2015 (Print), 2014 (Online). Multigene phylogeny resolves deep branching of Amoebozoa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83: 293–304. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.08.011 . Reference page.
- Cavalier-Smith, T. 2009: Megaphylogeny, cell body plans, adaptive zones: causes and timing of eukaryote basal radiations. Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 56: 26–33. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00373.x Abstract
- Minge, M.A.; Silberman, J.D.; Orr, R.J.S.; Cavalier-Smith, T.; Shalchian-Tabrizi, K.; Burki, F.; Skjæveland, A.; Jakobsen, K.S. 2009: Evolutionary position of breviate amoebae and the primary eukaryote divergence. Proceedings of the Royal Society (B), 276: 597–604. DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1358
- Nikolaev, S.I.; Berney, C.; Petrov, N.B.; Mylnikov, A.P.; Fahrni, J.F.; Pawlowski, J. 2006: Phylogenetic position of Multicilia marina and the evolution of Amoebozoa. International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology, 56: 1449–1458. DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63763-0 PDF
- Parfrey LW, Barbero E, Lasser E, Dunthorn M, Bhattacharya D, et al. (2006) Evaluating Support for the Current Classification of Eukaryotic Diversity. PLoS Genet 2(12): e220. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.0020220
- Pawlowski, J.; Burki, F. 2009: Untangling the phylogeny of amoeboid protists. Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 56: 16–25. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00379.x Abstract PDF
Links
[edit]- Wegener Parfrey, Laura 2009. Taxon page for Eukaryota. In: The ATOL eutree hypothesis First Created: 2009–07-04T15:11:59Z. Last Updated: 2009–07-04T15:14:20Z.
- Tree of Amoebozoa
Vernacular names
[edit]français: Amibozoaires, Amibes
日本語: アメーボゾア
lietuvių: Ameboidiniai
português: Amebozoários
Türkçe: Kökbacaklılar
Alternative classifications
[edit]Lühe (1913)
[edit]Luhe M 1913: Erstes Urreich der Tiere. In: Lang A, editor. Handbuch der morphologie der wirbellosen Tiere. Jena: G. Fischer. 416 p.
Corliss (1984)
[edit]From The kingdom Protista and its 45 phyla [1].
Kingdom Protista Haeckel, 1866
Cavalier-Smith (1995)
[edit]Cavalier-Smith, T. (1995). Zooflagellate phylogeny and classification. Tsitologiia, 37, 1010–1029, [2].
Cavalier-Smith (1996/97)
[edit]From Amoeboflagellates and mitochondrial cristae in eukaryote evolution: megasystematics of the new protozoan subkingdoms eozoa and neozoa, [3], [4].
Kingdom Protozoa
- Subkingdom Neozoa Cavalier-Smith 1993 stat. nov.
- Infrakingdom 1. Sarcodina Hertwig & Lesser 1874 infrak. nov.
- Superphylum 3. Neosarcodina Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. 1996
- Phylum 1. Rhizopoda Dujardin 1835 stat. nov. Haeckel 1886 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Phylum 2. Amoebozoa Lühe 1913 stat. nov. Corliss 1984 emend. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Subphylum 1. Lobosa Carpenter 1861 stat. nov.
- Class 2. Amoebaea Ehrenberg 1830 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Order 1. Euamoebida Lepşi 1960 (e.g. Amoeba)
- Order 2. Leptomyxida Pussard & Pons 1976 emend. Page 1987 (e.g. Leptomyxa)
- Order 3. Copromyxida Cavalier-Smith 1993 (Copromyxa)
- Order 4. Acanthopodida Page 1976 (e.g. Acanthamoeba, Hartmannella)
- Order 5. Loboreticulatida Page 1987 (Corallomyxa)
- Class 2. Testacealobosea De Saedeleer 1934 stat. nov.
- Order 1. Arcellinida Kent 1880 (e.g. Arcella, Difflugia)
- Order 2. Trichosida Möbius 1889 (Trichosphaerium)
- Order 3. Himatismenida Page 1987 (e.g. Cochliopodium)
- Class 2. Amoebaea Ehrenberg 1830 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Subphylum 2. Holomastiga subphy. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Class Holomastiga cl. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Order Holomastigida Lauterborn 1895 (as suborder Holomastigina) stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996 (Multicilia)
- Class Holomastiga cl. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1996
- Subphylum 3. Archamoebae Cavalier-Smith 1983 stat. nov.
- Class 1. Pelobiontea Page 1976 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1981 emend. 1991
- Order 1. Mastigamoebida Frenzel 1892 (syn. Rhizoflagellata Kent 1880) (e.g. Mastigina, Mastigamoeba, Mastigella, Pelomyxa)
- Order 2. Phreatamoebida Cavalier-Smith 1991 (Phreatamoeba)
- Class 2. Entamoebea Cavalier-Smith 1991
- Order Entamoebida Cavalier-Smith 1993 (e.g. Entamoeba)
- Class 1. Pelobiontea Page 1976 stat. nov. Cavalier-Smith 1981 emend. 1991
- Subphylum 1. Lobosa Carpenter 1861 stat. nov.
- Superphylum 3. Neosarcodina Cavalier-Smith 1993 emend. 1996
- Infrakingdom 1. Sarcodina Hertwig & Lesser 1874 infrak. nov.
Cavalier-Smith (1998)
[edit]Cavalier-Smith, T. 1998: A revised six-kingdom system of life, Biological Reviews 73 (3): 203–66.
Cavalier-Smith (2002)
[edit]Cavalier-Smith T., 2002. The phagotrophic origin of eukaryotes and phylogenetic classification of Protozoa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2002 Mar;52(Pt 2):297-354, DOI: 10.1099/00207713-52-2-297.
Superregnum: Eukaryota
Cladus: Unikonta
Phylum: Amoebozoa
Hausmann et al. (2003)
[edit]Hausmann, K., N. Hulsmann, R. Radek. Protistology. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchshandlung, Stuttgart, 2003.
Empire Eukaryota Chatton, 1925 (= Eukarya)
- Phylum Amoebozoa Luhe, 1913
- Subphylum Lobosa Carpenter, 1861
- Class Gymnamoebea Haeckel, 1862
- Class Acarpomyxea Page, 1976
- Class Testacealobosea Seadeleer, 1934
- Subphylum Conosa Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Infraphylum Archamoeba Cavalier-Smith, 1983
- Infraphylum Mycetozoa de Вагу, 1859
- Superclass Eumyxa Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Class Protostelea Olive, 1970
- Class Myxogastrea Olive, 1970
- Superclass Dictyostela Olive, 1970
- Superclass Aconchulina de Saedeleer, 1934
- Superclass Eumyxa Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Subphylum Lobosa Carpenter, 1861
Cavalier-Smith et al. (2004)
[edit]- Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E.E.-Y. & Oates, B. 2004. Molecular phylogeny of Amoebozoa and the evolutionary significance of the unikont Phalansterium. European Journal of Protistology 40(1): 21–48. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejop.2003.10.001 Reference page.
Smirnov et al. (2005)
[edit]Smirnov A, Nassonova E, Berney C, Fahrni J, Bolivar I, et al. 2005: Molecular phylogeny and classification of the lobose amoebae. Protist 156: 129–142.
- Tubulinea
- Tubulinida
- Leptomyxida
- Arcellinida
- Incertae sedis
- Flabellinea
- Conosa
- Incertae sedis
Adl et al. (2005)
[edit]Adl, S.M. et al. 2005: The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of eukaryotic microbiology, 52(5): 399–451. PDF
- Amoebozoa Lühe, 1913, emend. Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Tubulinea Smirnov et al., 2005
- Flabellinea Smirnov et al., 2005
- Stereomyxida Grell, 1966
- Acanthamoebidae Sawyer and Griffin, 1975
- Entamoebida Cavalier-Smith, 1993
- Mastigamoebidae Goldschmidt, 1907
- Pelomyxa Greef, 1874 (Pelobiontida Page, 1976)
- Eumycetozoa Zopf, 1884, emend. Olive, 1975 (Mycetozoa de Bary, 1873)
- Spongomonadida Hibberd, 1983, emend. Karpov, 1990
- Incertae sedis
Smirnov et al. (2011)
[edit]Smirnov, A., Chao, E., Nassonova, E. & Cavalier-Smith, T. 2011. A revised classification of naked lobose amoebae (Amoebozoa: Lobosa). Protist, 162:545–570.
Adl et al. (2012)
[edit]- Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G.B., Lane, C.E., Lukeš, J., Bass, D., Bowser, S.S., Brown, M.W., Burki, F., Dunthorn, M., Hampl, V., Heiss, A., Hoppenrath, M., Lara, E., Le Gall, L., Lynn, D.H., McManus, H., Mitchell, E.A.D., Mozley-Stanridge, S.E., Parfrey, L.W., Pawlowski, J., Rueckert, S., Shadwick, L., Schoch, C.L., Smirnow, A. & Spiegel, F.W. 2012. The revised classification of eukaryotes. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 59(5): 429–514. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2012.00644.x . [Erratum: 60(3): 321. DOI: 10.1111/jeu.12033 .] Reference page.
- Amoebozoa Lühe, 1913, emend. Cavalier-Smith 1998 (= Eumycetozoa Zopf 1884, emend Olive 1975)
- Tubulinea Smirnov et al. 2005 (R)
- Euamoebida Lepşi 1960, emend. Smirnov et al. 2011 (R)
- Leptomyxida Pussard & Pons 1976, emend. Page 1987 (R)
- Arcellinida Kent 1880 (= Testacealobosia De Saedeleer 1934) (R)
- Arcellina Haeckel 1894
- Difflugina Meisterfeld 2002
- Phryganellina Bovee 1985
- Incertae sedis Arcellinida: Geamphorella, Oopyxis, Pseudawerintzewia, Pseudonebela
- Nolandella Page 1980 (R) [see erratum]
- Echinamoebida Cavalier-Smith 2004 (R) [see erratum]
- Discosea Cavalier-Smith et al. 2004 (R)
- Flabellinia Smirnov et al. 2005 (R)
- Pellitida Smirnov et al. 2011 (R)
- Trichosphaerium Schaudinn 1899
- Dactylopodida Smirnov et al. 2005 (R)
- Korotnevella, Neoparamoeba, Paramoeba, Pseudoparamoeba, Squamamoeba, Vexillifera
- Incertae sedis Dactylopodida: Boveella, Dactylosphaerium, Oscillodignum [Oscillosignum], Podostoma, Strioluatus [Striolatus] , Subulamoeba, Trienamoeba [Triaenamoeba]
- Korotnevella, Neoparamoeba, Paramoeba, Pseudoparamoeba, Squamamoeba, Vexillifera
- Vannellida Smirnov et al. 2005 (R)
- Clydonella, Lingulamoeba, Pessonella, Platyamoeba, Protosteliopsis fimicola, Ripella, Vannella
- Incertae sedis Vanellida: Discamoeba, Unda
- Clydonella, Lingulamoeba, Pessonella, Platyamoeba, Protosteliopsis fimicola, Ripella, Vannella
- Himatismenida Page 1987
- Cochliopodium, incertae sedis Ovalopodium, Paragocevia, Parvamoeba [see erratum]
- Stygamoebida Smirnov et al. 2011
- Longamoebia Cavalier-Smith & Smirnov in Smirnov et al. 2011 (R)
- Dermamoebida Cavalier-Smith 2004 (R)
- Thecamoebida Schaeffer 1926 (R)
- Centramoebida Rogerson & Patterson 2002, emend. Cavalier-Smith 2004 (R)
- Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia, Protacanthamoeba
- Incertae sedis Centramoebida: protosteloid LHI05, “Protostelium” arachisporum, “Protostelium” pyriformis
- Flabellinia Smirnov et al. 2005 (R)
- Archamoebae Cavalier-Smith 1983
- Entamoebidae Chatton 1925, emend. Cavalier-Smith 1993
- Mastigamoebaea Frenzel 1892 (= Mastigamoebidae Goldschmidt 1907; Rhizoflagellida Saville Kent 1880)
- Mastigella, Mastigamoeba
- Incertae sedis Mastigamoebaea: Endolimax, Mastigina
- Pelomyxa Greef 1874 (Pelobiontida Page 1976)
- Gracilipodida Lahr et al. 2011
- Multicilia Cienkowsky 1881
- Protosteliida Olive & Stoianovitch 1966, emend. Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012
- Cavosteliida Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012
- Protosporangiida Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012
- Protosporangiidae Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012
- Ceratiomyxa Schröter 1889
- Fractovitelliida Lahr et al. 2011
- Schizoplasmodiida L. Shadwick & Spiegel in Adl et al. 2012
- Ceratiomyxella, Nematostelium, Schizoplasmodium
- Incertae sedis Schizoplasmodiida: Phalansterium Stein 1878
- Myxogastria Macbride 1899 (not Myxomycetes Link 1833, emend. Haeckel 1866)
- "light spored (LS)"
- "dark spored (DS)"
- Dictyostelia Lister 1909, emend. Olive 1970
- Acytostelium (P), Dictyostelium (P), Polysphondylium (P)
- Incertae sedis Dictyostelia: Coenonia
- Incertae sedis Amoebozoa: Gibbodiscus, Hartmannia, Janickia [see Janickina Chatton, 1953; not Janickia Rašín, 1929] Malamoeba, Malpigamoeba [Malpighamoeba], Echinosteliopsis oligospora Reinhardt & Olive 1966, Microglomus paxillus Olive & Stoianovitch 1977, Pseudothecamoeba, Stereomyxa, Thecochaos.
- Tubulinea Smirnov et al. 2005 (R)
[Notes: M, monotypic group with only one described species; P, paraphyletic group; R, ribogroup assembled from phylogenetic studies.]
Ruggiero et al. (2015)
[edit]Ruggiero, M.A., Gordon, D.P., Orrell, T.M., Bailly, N., Bourgoin, T., Brusca, R.C., Cavalier-Smith, T., Guiry, M. D. & Kirk, P. M. (2015). A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0119248, [5].
- Superkingdom Prokaryota
- Kingdom Archaea [= Archaebacteria]
- Kingdom Bacteria [= Eubacteria]
- Superkingdom Eukaryota
- Kingdom Protozoa
- Subkingdom Eozoa
- Infrakingdom Euglenozoa
- Infrakingdom Excavata
- Subkingdom Sarcomastigota
- Phylum Amoebozoa
- Subphylum Conosa
- Class Archamoebea
- Order Mastigamoebida
- Order Pelobiontida
- Order Rhizomastigida
- Class Dictyostelea
- Order Dictyostelida
- Class Myxogastrea [= Myxomycetes]
- Subclass Exosporeae
- Order Ceratiomyxida
- Subclass Myxogastria
- Superorder Columelida
- Order Echinosteliida
- Order Fuscisporida
- Superorder Lucisporida
- Superorder Columelida
- Subclass Exosporeae
- Class Protostelea
- Order Protostelida
- Class Variosea
- Order Artodiscida
- Order Holomastigida
- Order Phalansteriida
- Order Varipodida
- Class Archamoebea
- Subphylum Lobosa
- Class Discosea
- Subclass Flabellinia
- Order Dactylopodida
- Order Himatismenida
- Order Pellitida
- Order Stygamoebida
- Order Trichosida
- Order Vanellida
- Subclass Longamoebia
- Order Dermamoebida
- Order Centramoebida
- Order Thecamoebida
- Subclass Flabellinia
- Class Tubulinea [= Lobosea]
- Order Arcellinida
- Order Echinamoebida
- Order Euamoebida
- Order Leptomyxida
- Order Nolandida
- Class Discosea
- Subphylum Conosa
- Phylum Choanozoa [with Microsporidia, Animalia, and Fungi constitutes "Supergroup Opisthokonta"]
- Phylum Microsporidia [with Choanozoa, Animalia, and Fungi constitutes "Supergroup Opisthokonta"]
- Phylum Sulcozoa
- Phylum Amoebozoa
- Subkingdom Eozoa
- Kingdom Chromista
- Subkingdom Hacrobia
- Subkingdom Harosa [= "Supergroup SAR"]
- Infrakingdom Halvaria
- Superphylum Alveolata
- Superphylum Heterokonta [= "Supergroup Stramenopiles"]
- Infrakingdom Rhizaria
- Infrakingdom Halvaria
- Kingdom Fungi
- Kingdom Plantae [= Archaeplastida]
- Kingdom Animalia
- Kingdom Protozoa
Cavalier-Smith et al. (2015)
[edit]Cavalier-Smith, T., Fiore-Donno, A. M., Chao, E., Kudryavtsev, A., Berney, C., Snell, E. A., & Lewis, R. (2015). Multigene phylogeny resolves deep branching of Amoebozoa. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 83, 293-304, [6].
Cavalier-Smith et al. (2016)
[edit]Cavalier-Smith, T., Chao, E. E., & Lewis, R. (2016). 187-gene phylogeny of protozoan phylum Amoebozoa reveals a new class (Cutosea) of deep-branching, ultrastructurally unique, enveloped marine Lobosa and clarifies amoeba evolution. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 99, 275-296.