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Imperata cylindrica

From Wikispecies
Imperata cylindrica
File:Impera cylind 071122–1339 stgd.jpg
Imperata cylindrica

Taxonavigation

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Taxonavigation: Poales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Panicoideae
Tribus: Andropogoneae
Subtribus: Germainiinae
Genus: Imperata
Species: Imperata cylindrica

Name

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  • Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 3: 10 (1797)
  • Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv., Essai d'une Nouvelle Agrostographie 8, 165, 177, pl. 5, f. 1. (1812)

Synonyms

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  • Basionym
    • Lagurus cylindricus L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 878 (1759).
  • Homotypic
    • Saccharum cylindricum (L.) Lam., Encycl. 1: 594 (1785).
    • Calamagrostis lagurus Koeler, Descr. Gramin.: 112 (1802), nom. superfl.
    • Saccharum europaeum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 103 (1805), nom. superfl.
  • Heterotypic
    • Saccharum laguroides Pourr., Mém. Acad. Sci. Toulouse 3: 326 (1788).
    • Saccharum diandrum J.Koenig ex Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 16 (1789), nom. nud.
    • Saccharum koenigii Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 16 (1789).
    • Saccharum thunbergii Retz., Observ. Bot. 5: 17 (1789).
    • Imperata arundinacea Cirillo, Pl. Rar. Neapol. 2: XXVI (1792).
    • Saccharum sisca Cav., Icon. 3: 47 (1794).
    • Saccharum indum Pers., Syn. Pl. 1: 103 (1805), pro syn.
    • Imperata koenigii (Retz.) P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr.: 165 (1812).
    • Imperata sieberi Opiz, Naturalientausch 10: 190 (1825).
    • Saccharum spicatum J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 346 (1830), nom. superfl.
    • Saccharum spicatum Burm. ex Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 477 (1833), pro syn.
    • Arundo epigeios Forssk. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840), pro syn.
    • Imperata allang Jungh., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 7: 295 (1840).
    • Imperata koenigii var. major Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 90 (1841).
    • Imperata sisca P.Beauv. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 805 (1841), pro syn.
    • Imperata thunbergii (Retz.) Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 89 (1841).
    • Imperata pedicellata Steud., Flora 29: 22 (1846).
    • Saccharum alopecurus Nees, Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 2: 100 (1850).
    • Imperata arundinacea var. glabrescens Buse in F.A.W.Miquel, Pl. Jungh.: 366 (1854).
    • Imperata filifolia Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 405 (1854).
    • Saccharum negrosense Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 407 (1854), nom. superfl.
    • Imperata arundinacea var. africana Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 159 (1855).
    • Imperata arundinacea var. europaea Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 159 (1855).
    • Imperata arundinacea var. indica Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 159 (1855).
    • Imperata ramosa Andersson, Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 12: 158 (1855), nom. superfl.
    • Imperata arundinacea var. koenigii (Retz.) Benth., Fl. Hongk.: 419 (1861).
    • Imperata arundinacea var. pedicellata (Steud.) Debeaux, Rech. Fl. Pyr. Or. 1: ? (1878).
    • Imperata cylindrica var. pedicellata (Steud.) Debeaux, Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 32: 52 (1878).
    • Imperata cylindrica subvar. koenigii (Retz.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 694 (1894).
    • Imperata cylindrica var. thunbergii (Retz.) T.Durand & Schinz, Consp. Fl. Afric. 5: 693 (1894), nom. superfl.
    • Imperata arundinacea var. latifolia Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 106 (1896).
    • Imperata arundinacea var. thunbergii (Retz.) Stapf in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 320 (1898), nom. superfl.
    • Imperata cylindrica var. europaea (Andersson) Asch. & Graebn., Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 2(1): 37 (1898).
    • Imperata angolensis Fritsch, Bull. Herb. Boissier, sér. 2, 1: 1096 (1901).
    • Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii (Retz.) Pilg., Fragm. Fl. Philipp. 1: 137 (1904).
    • Imperata cylindrica var. parviflora Batt. & Trab., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 53: 32 (1906).
    • Imperata dinteri Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 48: 342 (1912).
    • Imperata cylindrica f. pallida Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 374 (1930).
    • Imperata praecoquis Honda, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 53: 385 (1939).
    • Imperata cylindrica var. major (Nees) C.E.Hubb., Grasses Mauritius: 96 (1940).
    • Imperata cylindrica subsp. koenigii (Retz.) Masam. & Yanagita, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa 31: 326 (1941).
    • Imperata cylindrica var. africana (Andersson) C.E.Hubb., Joint Publ. Imp. Agric. Bur. 7: 10 (1944).
    • Imperata cylindrica var. latifolia (Hook.f.) C.E.Hubb., Joint Publ. Imp. Agric. Bur. 7: 14 (1944).
    • Imperata robustior A.Chev., Rev. Int. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 29: 114 (1949).
    • Imperata laguroides (Pourr.) J.Roux, Nat. Monspel., Sér. Bot. 9: 177 (1958).
    • Imperata latifolia (Hook.f.) L.Liu, Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 2: 2299 (1994).

Distribution

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Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: Asia-Temperate
    • Regional: Central Asia
      • Afghanistan
    • Regional: Western Asia
      • Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Iran, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey
    • Regional: Arabian Peninsula
      • Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Socotra, Yemen
  • Continental: Europe
    • Regional: Southeastern Europe
      • Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Sicilia, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia
    • Regional: Southwestern Europe
      • Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain
  • Continental: Africa
    • Regional: Northern Africa
      • Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
    • Regional: Macaronesia
      • Canary Is., Cape Verde, Madeira
    • Regional: Southern Africa
      • Angola, Cape Provinces, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Lesotho, Northern Provinces, Swaziland
    • Regional: Western Africa
      • Benin, Cameroon, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Ivory Coast, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo
    • Regional: Tropical Africa
      • Botswana, Burkina, Burundi, Central African Repu, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Malawi, Mali, Niger, Rwanda, Zambia, Zaïre, Zimbabwe
    • Regional: Eastern Africa
      • Comoros, Ethiopia, Kenya, Liberia, Mozambique, Mauritius, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda
    • Regional: Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar
    • Introduced into:
      • Alabama, Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Bismarck Archipelago, Borneo, Cambodia, Caroline Is., China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Christmas I., Cocos (Keeling) Is., East Himalaya, Fiji, Florida, Georgia, Hainan, India, Inner Mongolia, Japan, Jawa, Kazakhstan, Kirgizstan, Korea, Laos, Lesser Sunda Is., Louisiana, Malaya, Maluku, Manchuria, Marianas, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Mississippi, Myanmar, Nansei-shoto, Nepal, New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand North, Nicobar Is., Norfolk Is., North Caucasus, Ogasawara-shoto, Oregon, Pakistan, Philippines, Samoa, Solomon Is., South Carolina, South China Sea, Sri Lanka, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Tadzhikistan, Taiwan, Texas, Thailand, Tibet, Tonga, Transcaucasus, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, Virginia, Wallis-Futuna Is., West Himalaya, Xinjiang

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

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Primary references

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Additional references

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  • Clayton, W.D., Harman, K.T. & Williamson, H. (2006). World Grass Species - Synonymy database The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
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Vernacular names

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Afrikaans: Donsgras, Silweraargras
العربية: حلف (نبات)
Deutsch: Blutgras
español: Cisca
eesti: Harilik alang
suomi: Silkkiheinä
Bahasa Indonesia: Alang-alang
日本語: チガヤ
한국어: 띠
Bahasa Melayu: Lalang
Nederlands: Japans bloedgras
русский: Императа цилиндрическая, Аланг-аланг
Sunda: Eurih
Tagalog: Kugon
Türkçe: Kogon
Tiếng Việt: Cỏ tranh
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