Gymnema sylvestre

Gymnema sylvestre

Taxonavigation

Taxonavigation: Gentianales
Classification System: APG IV Superregnum: Eukaryota Regnum: Plantae Cladus: Angiosperms Cladus: Eudicots Cladus: Core eudicots Cladus: Asterids Cladus: Lamiids Ordo: Gentianales

Familia: Apocynaceae
Subfamilia: Asclepiadoideae
Tribus: Marsdenieae
Genus: Gymnema
Species: Gymnema sylvestre

Name

Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R.Br. ex Sm. in A.Rees, 1811.

Synonyms

• Basionym
  • Periploca sylvestris Retz., Observ. Bot. 2: 15 (1781).
• Homotypic
  • Marsdenia sylvestris (Retz.) P.I.Forst., Austral. Syst. Bot. 8: 694 (1995).
• Heterotypic
  • Apocynum alterniflorum Lour., Fl. Cochinch.: 168 (1790).
  • Periploca tenuifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Schult. in J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 6: 129 (1820), nom. illeg.
  • Strophanthus alterniflorus (Lour.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 638 (1824).
  • Gymnema parvifolium Wall., Tent. Fl. Napal.: 50 (1826).
  • Cynanchum subvolubile Schumach. & Thonn. in C.F.Schumacher, Beskr. Guin. Pl.: 150 (1827).
  • Asclepias geminata Roxb., Fl. Ind. ed. 1832, 2: 45 (1832).
  • Gymnema rufescens Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 9: 277 (1838).
  • Gymnema subvolubile (Schumach. & Thonn.) Decne., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 2, 9: 277 (1838).
  • Conocalpis umbellata Bojer ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 621 (1844).
  • Cynanchum senegalense Sieber ex Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 621 (1844), not validly publ.
  • Gymnema affine Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 622 (1844).
  • Gymnema humile Decne. in A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 8: 621 (1844).
  • Gymnema melicida Edgew., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 21: 174 (1852).
  • Gymnema sylvestre var. chinense Benth., Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 54 (1853).
  • Gymnema mkenii Harv., Gen. S. Afr. Pl., ed. 2: 239 (1868), nom. nud.
  • Gymnema sylvestre var. ceylanicum Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 4: 29 (1883).
  • Gymnema formosanum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 307 (1907).
  • Gymnema sylvestre var. affine (Decne.) Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2: 197 (1934).
  • Gymnema alterniflorum (Lour.) Merr., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 24(2): 318 (1935).

Distribution

Native distribution areas:

Continental: Africa Burkina Faso, Mali, Guinea, Mauritania, Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Chad, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, D.R. Congo (Zaire), Congo (Brazzaville), Central African Republic, Ethiopia, South Sudan, Rwanda, Burundi, W-Tanzania, N-Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal), Namibia, Botswana, Madagascar Continental: Asie China (Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Zhejiang), Taiwan, India (E-, N- & peninsular India), Indonesia, Ryukyu Isl., peninsular Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Nepal, Laos References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References

• Brown, R., 1811. Cycl. 17: n.º 4

Links

• Govaerts, R. et al. 2018. Gymnema sylvestre in Kew Science Plants of the World Online. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 08. Reference page. 
• Hassler, M. 2018. Gymnema sylvestre. World Plants: Synonymic Checklists of the Vascular Plants of the World In: Roskovh, Y., Abucay, L., Orrell, T., Nicolson, D., Bailly, N., Kirk, P., Bourgoin, T., DeWalt, R.E., Decock, W., De Wever, A., Nieukerken, E. van, Zarucchi, J. & Penev, L., eds. 2018. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 08. Reference page. 
• International Plant Names Index. 2018. Gymnema sylvestre. Published online. Accessed: Oct. 08 2018.
• The Plant List 2013. Gymnema sylvestre in The Plant List Version 1.1. Published online. Accessed: 2018 Oct. 08.
• Tropicos.org 2018. Gymnema sylvestre. Missouri Botanical Garden. Published online. Accessed: 08 Oct. 2018.
• USDA, ARS, Germplasm Resources Information Network. Gymnema sylvestre in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service. Accessed: 08-Apr-12.

For more multimedia, look at Gymnema sylvestre on Wikimedia Commons.