Phragmites australis subsp. australis

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Phragmites australis subsp. australis
Phragmites australis subsp. australis

Taxonavigation[edit]

Taxonavigation: Poales 
Classification System: APG IV

Superregnum: Eukaryota
Regnum: Plantae
Cladus: Angiosperms
Cladus: Monocots
Cladus: Commelinids
Ordo: Poales

Familia: Poaceae
Subfamilia: Arundinoideae
Tribus: Molinieae
Genus: Phragmites
Species: Phragmites australis
Subspecies: P. a. subsp. australis

Name[edit]

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. subsp. australis autonym

Synonyms[edit]

  • Heterotypic
    • Arundo phragmites L., Sp. Pl.: 81 (1753).
    • Cenchrus frutescens L., Sp. Pl.: 1050 (1753).
    • Arundo donax Forssk., Fl. Aegypt.-Arab.: 23 (1775), sensu auct.
    • Arundo vulgaris Lam., Fl. Franç. 3: 615 (1779), nom. superfl.
    • Arundo vulnerans Gilib., Excerc. Phyt. 2: 541 (1792), opus utique oppr.
    • Arundo palustris Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 24 (1796), nom. superfl.
    • Arundo pseudophragmites Lej., Fl. Spa 1: 64 (1811), nom. illeg.
    • Arundo phragmites var. gracilis Mérat, Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris: 35 (1812).
    • Arundo phragmites var. subuniflora DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 6: 263 (1815).
    • Xenochloa arundinacea Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 2: 501 (1817).
    • Czernya arundinacea C.Presl, Gram. Sicul.: 6 (1818).
    • Phragmites communis Trin., Fund. Agrost.: 134 (1820).
    • Arundo vallatoria Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 128 (1821 publ. 1822), nom. superfl.
    • Arundo vallatoria var. variegata Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 128 (1821 publ. 1822).
    • Arundo nigricans Mérat, Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2: 33 (1821).
    • Calamagrostis nigricans Mérat, Nouv. Fl. Env. Paris, ed. 2, 2: 33 (1821).
    • Reimaria diffusa Spreng., Neue Entdeck. Pflanzenk. 3: 14 (1822).
    • Arundo barbata Burch., Trav. S. Africa 2: 271 (1824).
    • Arundo occidentalis Sieber ex Schult., Mant. 2: 289 (1824).
    • Arundo phragmites var. pumila G.Mey., Hannover. Mag. 5: 171 (1824).
    • Arundo phragmites var. stolonifera G.Mey., Hannover. Mag. 5: 171 (1824).
    • Phragmites communis var. uniflora Boenn., Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 24 (1824).
    • Phragmites communis var. vulgaris Boenn., Prodr. Fl. Monast. Westphal.: 24 (1824).
    • Cynodon phragmites (L.) Raspail, Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 5: 302 (1825).
    • Arundo flexuosa Brongn. in L.I.Duperrey, Voy. Monde, Phan.: 29 (1829), nom. illeg.
    • Cynodon phragmites var. durvillaei Raspail, Ann. Sci. Observ. 3: 109 (1830).
    • Phragmites communis subsp. flavescens Custer in J.F.A.Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 6: 341 (1830).
    • Phragmites communis var. flavescens Gaudin, Fl. Helv. 6: 341 (1830).
    • Arundo graeca Link, Linnaea 9: 123 (1834).
    • Phragmites caudatus Nees in F.J.F.Meyen, Observ. Bot. 1: 407 (1834), nom. nud.
    • Arundo phragmites var. nigricans (Mérat) Bréb., Fl. Normandie: 378 (1835).
    • Phragmites communis var. nana G.Mey., Chloris Han.: 650 (1836), nom. illeg.
    • Phragmites communis f. repens G.Mey., Chloris Han.: 650 (1836).
    • Phragmites communis var. repens G.Mey., Chloris Han.: 650 (1836).
    • Phragmites communis var. uniflora Mutel, Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 45 (1837).
    • Phragmites communis var. variegata Mutel, Fl. Franç. Herbor. 4: 45 (1837).
    • Phragmites congestus Lowe, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 6: 529 (1838).
    • Phragmites flavescens (Custer) Hegetschw., Fl. Schweiz: 68 (1838).
    • Arundo naga J.Koenig ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840), pro syn.
    • Arundo pungens Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840), pro syn.
    • Arundo rivularis Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 144 (1840), pro syn.
    • Donax australis Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 524 (1840), not validly publ.
    • Phragmites communis var. subuniflora Boreau, Fl. Centre France 2: 534 (1840).
    • Phragmites capensis Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 356 (1841).
    • Phragmites chilensis Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841), nom. nud.
    • Phragmites emodi Arn. & Nees in C.G.D.Nees von Esenbeck, Gramineae: 42 (1841).
    • Phragmites explanatus Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841), pro syn.
    • Phragmites flexuosus Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841).
    • Phragmites graecus (Link) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841).
    • Phragmites hispanicus Nees, Gramineae: 20 (1841).
    • Phragmites martinicensis Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841), nom. nud.
    • Phragmites minor Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841), nom. nud.
    • Phragmites nagus Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841), pro syn.
    • Phragmites occidentalis Trin. ex Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 324 (1841), pro syn.
    • Phragmites communis var. striatopictus Rchb., Fl. Saxon.: 13 (1842).
    • Arundo filiformis Hassk., Tijdschr. Natuurl. Gesch. Physiol. 10: 117 (1843), nom. nud.
    • Phragmites communis var. subuniflora Döll, Rhein. Fl.: 115 (1843).
    • Arundo phragmites var. variegata (Gray) J.Lloyd, Fl. Loire-Inf.: 301 (1844).
    • Phragmites communis var. flavescens Boiss., Voy. Bot. Espagne 2: 699 (1845).
    • Phragmites humilis De Not., Index Seminum (GE, Genuensis) 1847: 27 (1847).
    • Phragmites communis var. humilis (De Not.) Parl., Fl. Ital. 1: 77 (1848).
    • Phragmites communis var. nigricans (Mérat) Bréb., Fl. Normandie, éd. 2: 307 (1849), nom. superfl.
    • Arundo phragmites var. rivularis Griseb. in C.F.von Ledebour, Fl. Ross. 4: 394 (1852).
    • Phragmites communis var. minor Le Gall, Fl. Morbihan: 713 (1852).
    • Phragmites pumilus Willk., Strand-Steppengeb. Iber. Halbins. [thes.]: 157 (1852).
    • Phragmites distichus Buse in F.A.W.Miquel, Pl. Jungh., prepr.: 4 (1854).
    • Phragmites filiformis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 196 (1854).
    • Phragmites fissifolius Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 195 (1854).
    • Phragmites longivalvis Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 196 (1854).
    • Phragmites xenochloa Trin. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 196 (1854).
    • Remirea diffusa Sieber ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 194 (1854).
    • Phragmites arundinacea P.Beauv. ex Strumpf, Syst. Handb. Arzneimittellehre 2: 358 (1855), nom. superfl.
    • Arundo aggerum Kit., Linnaea 32: 307 (1864).
    • Phragmites communis var. longivalvis (Steud.) Miq., Prolus. Fl. Jap.: 166 (1866).
    • Phragmites communis var. subbiflora Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 742 (1866), nom. illeg.
    • Phragmites vulgaris Crép., Man. Fl. Belgique, ed. 2: 345 (1866), nom. superfl.
    • Arundo pumila (Willk.) Griseb., Nachr. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Georg-Augusts-Univ. 3: 76 (1868).
    • Phragmites chrysanthus var. marsillianus Mabille, Rech. Pl. Corse 2: 37 (1869).
    • Phragmites maritimus Mabille, Rech. Pl. Corse 2: 42 (1869).
    • Phragmites nigricans (Mérat) Mabille, Rech. Pl. Corse 2: 44 (1869).
    • Phragmites willkommianus Mabille, Rech. Pl. Corse 2: 58 (1869).
    • Phragmites breviglumis Pomel, Nouv. Mat. Fl. Atl. 2: 386 (1875).
    • Phragmites communis subsp. humilis (De Not.) Arcang., Comp. Fl. Ital.: 767 (1882).
    • Phragmites phragmites (L.) H.Karst., Deut. Fl.: 378 (1883), not validly publ.
    • Phragmites communis var. stenophyllus Boiss., Fl. Orient. 5: 563 (1884).
    • Phragmites communis subsp. flavescens (Gaudin) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 71 (1890).
    • Phragmites communis subsp. hispanicus (Nees) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 71 (1890).
    • Phragmites communis subsp. maritima (Mabille) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 71 (1890).
    • Phragmites communis subsp. nigricans (Mérat) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 71 (1890).
    • Phragmites communis subsp. stenophyllus (Boiss.) K.Richt., Pl. Eur. 1: 71 (1890).
    • Phragmites loscosii Willk., Suppl. Prodr. Fl. Hispan.: 13 (1893).
    • Phragmites communis var. maritima (Mabille) Gaut., Cat. Rais. Fl. Pyr.-Or.: 440 (1898).
    • Phragmites barbatus Stapf in W.H.Harvey & auct. suc. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 7: 541 (1899), pro syn.
    • Trichoon phragmites (L.) Rendle in W.P.Hiern, Cat. Afr. Pl. 2: 218 (1899).
    • Phragmites communis var. stolonifera (G.Mey.) Schroet., Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 13: 119 (1903).
    • Phragmites communis var. minor Tourlet, Cat. Pl. Vasc. Indre-et-Loire: 558 (1908).
    • Phragmites communis var. marsillianus (Mabille) Briq., Prodr. Fl. Corse 1: 112 (1910).
    • Phragmites communis proles humilis (De Not.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 165 (1913).
    • Phragmites communis proles stenophyllus (Boiss.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 165 (1913).
    • Phragmites stenophyllus (Boiss.) Rouy in G.Rouy & J.Foucaud, Fl. France 14: 165 (1913).
    • Oxyanthe phragmites (L.) Nieuwl., Amer. Midl. Naturalist 3: 332 (1914).
    • Phragmites communis var. turkestanicus Drobow, Trudy Bot. Muz. Imp. Akad. Nauk 16: 134 (1916).
    • Phragmites communis var. variegatus (Gray) Hitchc. in L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2601 (1916).
    • Phragmites dioicus Hack. ex Hicken, Physis (Buenos Aires) 4: 389 (1918).
    • Arundo phragmites f. salsa Podp., Kvetena Moravy 6: 247 (1926).
    • Phragmites phragmites var. subuniflorus (DC.) Druce, Fl. Oxfordshire, ed. 2: 482 (1927), not validly publ.
    • Phragmites nakaianus Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. 3: 118 (1930).
    • Phragmites hirsutus Kitag., J. Jap. Bot. 9: 108, 117 (1933).
    • Phragmites jahandiezii Sennen & Mauricio, Cat. Fl. Rif Orient.: 131 (1933), nom. nud.
    • Phragmites pungens A.Chev., Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 5: 84 (1933), pro syn.
    • Phragmites communis var. salina J.T.Jansen & Wacht., Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 44: f. 4 (1934).
    • Phragmites maximus var. variegatus (Gray) Moldenke, Phytologia 1: 170 (1935).
    • Phragmites jeholensis Honda, Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV 4: 10 (1936).
    • Phragmites communis f. pilifer Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 10: 266 (1941).
    • Phragmites communis subsp. marsillianus (Mabille) Cif. & Giacom., Nomencl. Fl. Ital. 1: 33 (1950).
    • Phragmites communis var. arundinacea (Roem. & Schult.) Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundin.: 54 (1961).
    • Phragmites communis var. hirsutus (Kitag.) Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundin.: 49 (1961).
    • Phragmites dioicus Hack. ex Conert, Syst. Anat. Arundin.: 58 (1961), nom. illeg.
    • Phragmites communis f. salsa (Podp.) Soó, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 17: 120 (1971 publ. 1972).
    • Phragmites australis f. subuniflora (DC.) Dobrescu, Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 12: 212 (1972).
    • Phragmites australis var. stenophyllus (Boiss.) S.K.Jain & Doli Das, Indian Forester 99: 575 (1973).
    • Phragmites australis subsp. humilis (De Not.) Kerguélen, Lejeunia, n.s., 75: 235 (1975).
    • Phragmites australis var. marsillianus (Mabille) Kerguélen, Lejeunia, n.s., 75: 234 (1975).
    • Phragmites australis var. flavescens (Custer) Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR: 607 (1976).
    • Phragmites australis var. humilis (De Not.) Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR: 607 (1976).
    • Phragmites australis var. striatopictus (Rchb.) Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR: 607 (1976).
    • Phragmites australis var. turkestanicus (Drobow) Tzvelev, Zlaki SSSR: 607 (1976).
    • Phragmites australis subsp. maritimus (Mabille) Soó, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 389 (1977 publ. 1978).
    • Phragmites australis var. salsa (Podp.) Soó, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 23: 389 (1977 publ. 1978), no basionym year page
    • Phragmites australis f. pilifer (Ohwi) H.Hara, J. Jap. Bot. 55: 327 (1980).
    • Phragmites frutescens H.Scholz, Taxon 45: 522 (1996).
    • Phragmites bhattacharyyae Kandwal, Uniyal & Rajesw., J. Jap. Bot. 85: 153 (2010).

Distribution[edit]

Native distribution areas:
  • Continental: CosmopolitaA
      • Afghanistan, Alabama, Albania, Alberta, Algeria, Altay, Amur, Angola, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Argentina South, Arizona, Arkansas, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Belize, Benin, Bolivia, Botswana, British Columbia, Bulgaria, Burkina, Buryatiya, California, Cameroon, Canary Is., Cape Provinces, Cape Verde, Central European Rus, Chad, Chile Central, Chile North, Chile South, China North-Central, China South-Central, China Southeast, Chita, Colombia, Colorado, Congo, Connecticut, Corse, Costa Rica, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, Delaware, Denmark, District of Columbia, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Finland, Florida, France, Free State, French Guiana, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau, Gulf of Guinea Is., Gulf States, Guyana, Hainan, Honduras, Hungary, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Inner Mongolia, Iowa, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Irkutsk, Italy, Japan, Kamchatka, Kansas, Kazakhstan, Kentucky, Kenya, Khabarovsk, Kirgizstan, Korea, Krasnoyarsk, Kriti, Krym, Kuril Is., Kuwait, KwaZulu-Natal, Lebanon-Syria, Lesotho, Libya, Louisiana, Madeira, Maine, Malaya, Manchuria, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mauritania, Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southeast, Mexico Southwest, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Mongolia, Montana, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Nansei-shoto, Nebraska, Nepal, Netherlands, Nevada, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New South Wales, New York, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norfolk Is., North Carolina, North Caucasus, North Dakota, North European Russi, Northern Provinces, Northern Territory, Northwest European R, Northwest Territorie, Norway, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oman, Ontario, Oregon, Pakistan, Palestine, Panamá, Pennsylvania, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Primorye, Prince Edward I., Qinghai, Queensland, Québec, Rhode I., Romania, Sakhalin, Sardegna, Saskatchewan, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sicilia, Sinai, Somalia, South Australia, South Carolina, South Dakota, South European Russi, Spain, Sudan, Suriname, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tadzhikistan, Tasmania, Tennessee, Texas, Tibet, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Turkmenistan, Tuva, Ukraine, Uruguay, Utah, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, Vermont, Victoria, Vietnam, Virginia, Washington, West Himalaya, West Siberia, West Virginia, Western Australia, Western Sahara, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Xinjiang, Yakutskiya, Yemen, Yugoslavia, Zambia, Zimbabwe
    • Introduced into:
      • Bahamas, Brazil Southeast, Cook Is., Dominican Republic, Haiti, Hawaii, Leeward Is., New Caledonia, New Zealand North, New Zealand South, Newfoundland, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is.

References: Brummitt, R.K. 2001. TDWG – World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, 2nd Edition

References[edit]

Primary references[edit]

Additional references[edit]

Links[edit]

Vernacular names[edit]

Afrikaans: Fluitjiesriet
беларуская: Трыснёг звычайны
Deutsch: Schilf, Schilfrohr
English: Common Reed
español: carrizo
eesti: Harilik pilliroog
suomi: Järviruoko
Nordfriisk: Raid
français: Roseau commun
magyar: Közönséges nád
日本語: ヨシ, アシ
한국어: 갈대
Nederlands: Riet
svenska: Bladvass
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