Philip S. Ward

Philip S. Ward, Entomologist, USA.

• Research Interests: Systematics and evolutionary biology of ants; genetic structure of social insect populations.
• Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.

Taxon names authored

(List may be incomplete)

• 2 taxon names authored by Philip S. Ward

Publications

(List may be incomplete)

1973

• Ward, P. S., Hebert, P., Harmsen, R. 1973. A note on the distribution of Oeneis chryxus strigulosa (Lepidoptera: Satyridae). Canadian Entomologist, 105: 1373–1374.

1974

• Harmsen, R., Hebert, P., Ward, P. S. 1974. On the origin of austral elements in the moth fauna of south-eastern Ontario, including a number of species new for Canada. Journal of Research on Lepidoptera, 12: 127–134.
• Ward, P. S., Harmsen, R., Hebert, P. 1974. An annotated checklist of the macroheterocera of south-eastern Ontario. Journal of Research on Lepidoptera, 13: 23–42.
• Hebert, P., Ward, P. S., Harmsen, R. 1974. Diffuse competition in Lepidoptera. Nature, 252: 389–391.

1975

• Hebert, P., Ward, P. S., Harmsen, R. 1975. Competition and species abundance – Reply. Nature, 257: 160–161.

1976

• Ward, P. S. 1976. Probing ponerine ants. Australian Natural History, l8: 384–387.

1980

• Ward, P. S. 1980. A systematic revision of the Rhytidoponera impressa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Australia and New Guinea. Aust. J. Zool. 28: 475–498.
• Ward, P. S. 1980. Genetic variation and population differentiation in the Rhytidoponera impressa group, a species complex of ponerine ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Evolution, 34: 1060–1076.

1981

• Ward, P. S., Taylor, R. W. 1981. Allozyme variation, colony structure, and genetic relatedness in the primitive ant Nothomyrmecia macrops Clark (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 20: 177–183.
• Ward, P. S. 1981. Ecology and life history of the Rhytidoponera impressa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). I. Habitats, nest sites, and foraging behavior. Psyche, 88: 89–108.
• Ward, P. S. 1981. Ecology and life history of the Rhytidoponera impressa group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). II. Colony origin, seasonal cycles, and reproduction. Psyche, 88: 109–126.

1982

• Ward, P. S., Boussy, I. A., Swincer, D. E. 1982. Electrophoretic detection of enzyme polymorphism and differentiation in three species of spider mites (Tetranychus) (Acari: Tetranychidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 75: 595–598.

1983

• Ward, P. S. 1983. Genetic relatedness and colony organization in a species complex of ponerine ants. I. Genotypic and phenotypic composition of colonies. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 12: 285–299.
• Ward, P. S. 1983. Genetic relatedness and colony organization in a species complex of ponerine ants. II. Patterns of sex ratio investment. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 12: 301–307.

1984

• Ward, P.S. 1984: A revision of the ant genus Rhytidoponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in New Caledonia. Australian journal of zoology 32(1): 131-175. DOI: 10.1071/ZO9840131 Reference page. 

1985

• Ward, P. S. 1985. The Nearctic species of the genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Quaest. Entomol. 21: 209–246.

1988

• Ward, P. S. 1988. Mesic elements in the western Nearctic ant fauna: taxonomic and biological notes on Amblyopone, Proceratium, and Smithistruma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 61: 102–124

1989

• Ward, P. S. 1989. Systematic studies on pseudomyrmecine ants: revision of the Pseudomyrmex oculatus and P. subtilissimus species groups, with taxonomic comments on other species. Quaest. Entomol. 25: 393–468

1990

• Ward, P. S. 1990. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): generic revision and relationship to other formicids. Systematic Entomology, 15: 449–489.

1991

• Ward, P. S. 1991. Phylogenetic analysis of pseudomyrmecine ants associated with domatia-bearing plants. pp. 335–352 in: Huxley, C.R., Cutler, D.F. (eds.) Ant-plant interactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, xviii + 601 pp.

1992

• Ward, P. S. 1992. Ants of the genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Dominican amber, with a synopsis of the extant Antillean species. Psyche (Camb.) 99: 55–85
• Baroni Urbani, C.; Bolton, B.; Ward, P. S. 1992. The internal phylogeny of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology, 17: 301–329.

1993

• Ward, P. S. 1993. Systematic studies on Pseudomyrmex acacia-ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae). J. Hym. Res. 2: 117–168.

1994

• Ward, P.S. 1994. Adetomyrma, an enigmatic new ant genus from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and its implications for ant phylogeny. Systematic Entomology 19(2): 159–175. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.1994.tb00585.x . PDF Reference page. 

1996

• Olson, D. M.; Ward, P. S. 1996. The ant fauna (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Kirindy Forest (tropical dry forest) in western Madagascar. pp. 161–164 in Ganzhorn, J. U., Sorg, J.-P. (eds.) Ecology and economy of a tropical dry forest in Madagascar. Primate Report 46-1. Göttingen: German Primate Center (DPZ), 382 pp.
• Ward, P. S. 1996. A new workerless social parasite in the ant genus Pseudomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a discussion of the origin of social parasitism in ants. Systematic Entomology, 21: 253–263.
• Ward, P. S.; Bolton, B.; Shattuck, S. O.; Brown, W. L., Jr. 1996. A bibliography of ant systematics. Univ. Calif. Publ. Entomol. 116: 1–417.

1999

• Ward, P.S. 1999: Deceptive similarity in army ants of the genus Neivamyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): taxonomy, distribution and biology of N. californicus (Mayr) and N. nigrescens (Cresson). Journal of Hymenoptera research 8(1): 74-97. BHL Reference page. 
• Brady, S. G.; Gadau, J.; Ward, P. S. 1999. Is the ant genus Camponotus paraphyletic? [Abstract.] pp. 27–28 in: 4th International Hymenopterists Conference, 6–11 January 1999, Canberra, Australia. Program and abstracts. Glen Osmond, South Australia: 4th International Hymenopterists Conference, 96 pp.
• Gadau, J.; Brady, S. G.; Ward, P. S. 1999. Systematics, distribution, and ecology of an endemic California Camponotus quercicola (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 92(4): 514–522.
• Ward, P. S. 1999. Systematics, biogeography and host plant associations of the Pseudomyrmex viduus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), Triplaris- and Tachigali-inhabiting ants. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 126: 451–540

2000

• Ward, P. S. 2000. On the identity of Pheidole vaslitii Pergande (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a neglected ant from Baja California. J. Hym. Res. 9: 85–98

2001

• Ward, P. S. 2001. Taxonomy, phylogeny and biogeography of the ant genus Tetraponera (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Oriental and Australian regions. Invertebr. Taxon. 15: 589–665.

2003

• Ward, P., and Brady, S. 2003. Phylogeny and biogeography of the ant subfamily Myrmeciinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Invertebrate Systematics, 17 (3): 361–386.

2005

• Ward, P.S. 2005. A synoptic review of the ants of California. Zootaxa, 936: 1–68.
• Ward, P.S. & Downie, D.A. 2005. The ant subfamily Pseudomyrmecinae: phylogeny and evolution of big-eyed arboreal ants. Systematic Entomology, 30: 310–335.
• Brady, S.G. & Ward, P.S. 2005. Morphological phylogeny of army ants and other dorylomorphs (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 30(4): 593–618. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3113.2005.00290.x Reference page. 

2006

• Ward, P.S. 2006. The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: synopsis of species groups and revision of the T. ambigua-group. Myrmecologische Nachrichten, 8: 119–130.

2007

• Ward, P.S. 2007. Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants. Zootaxa, 1668: 549–563.
• Ward, P.S. 2007. The ant genus Leptanilloides: discovery of the male and evaluation of phylogenetic relationships based on DNA sequence data (pp. 637–649). In Snelling, R.R., Fisher, B.L. & Ward, P.S. (eds). Advances in ant systematics: homage to E.O. Wilson – 50 years of contributions. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 80: 690 pp.

2009

• Ward, P.S. 2009. The ant genus Tetraponera in the Afrotropical region: the T. grandidieri group. Journal of Hymenoptera Research, 18: 285–304.
• Ward, P.S. & Brady, S.G. 2009. Rediscovery of the ant genus Amyrmex Kusnezov and its transfer from Dolichoderinae to Leptanilloidinae. Zootaxa, 2063: 46–54.

2010

• Ward, P.S., Brady, S.G., Fisher, B.L. & Schultz, T.R. 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of Dolichoderinae ants: effects of data partitioning and relict taxa on historical inference. Systematic Biology, 59: 342–362.
• Lucky, A., Ward, P. S. 2010. Taxonomic revision of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa, 2688: 1–67. [Pdf file]

2011

• Ward, P. S. 2011. Integrating molecular phylogenetic results into ant taxonomy (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Myrmecological News, 15: 21–29.
• Roura-Pascual, N., Hui, C., Ikeda, T., Leday, G., Richardson, D. M., Carpintero, S., Espadaler, X., Gómez, C., Guénard, B., Hartley, S., Krushelnycky, P., Lester, P. J., McGeoch, M. A., Menke, S. B., Pedersen, J. S., Pitt, J. P. W., Reyes, J., Sanders, N. J., Suarez, A. V., Touyama, Y., Ward, D., Ward, P. S., Worner, S. P. 2011. The relative roles of climatic suitability and anthropogenic influence in determining the pattern of spread in a global invader. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences U. S. A. 108: 220–225.

2012

• Ward, P. S., Sumnicht, T. P. 2012. Molecular and morphological evidence for three sympatric species of Leptanilla (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the Greek island of Rhodes. Myrmecological News.

2014

• Ward, P.S., Brady, S.G., Fisher, B.L. & Schultz, T.R. 2014 [2015]. The evolution of myrmicine ants: phylogeny and biogeography of a hyperdiverse ant clade (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 40(1): 61–81. DOI: 10.1111/syen.12090 Reference page. 
• Brady, S.G., Fisher, B.L., Schultz, T.R. & Ward, P.S. 2014. The rise of army ants and their relatives: diversification of specialized predatory doryline ants. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 93.
• Ward, P. S. 2014. The phylogeny and evolution of ants. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 45: 23–43.

2015

• Blaimer, B. B., Brady, S. G., Schultz, T. R., Lloyd, M. W., Fisher, B. L., & Ward, P. S. 2015. Phylogenomic methods outperform traditional multi-locus approaches in resolving deep evolutionary history: a case study of formicine ants. BMC evolutionary biology 15: 271.
• Chomicki, G., Ward, P. S., Renner, S. S. 2015. Macroevolutionary assembly of ant/plant symbioses: Pseudomyrmex ants and their ant-housing plants in the Neotropics. In Proceedings of the Royal Society B 282: 20152200.

2016

• Ward, P.S., Blaimer, B.B. & Fisher, B.L. 2016. A revised phylogenetic classification of the ant subfamily Formicinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with resurrection of the genera Colobopsis and Dinomyrmex. Zootaxa 4072(3): 343–357. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4072.3.4. Full article (PDF) Reference page. 
• Ward, P.S. & Fisher, B.L. 2016. Tales of dracula ants: the evolutionary history of the ant subfamily Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 41: 683–693. [2016-06-02] DOI: 10.1111/syen.12186 Reference page. 

2017

• Ward, P.S. 2017. A review of the Pseudomyrmex ferrugineus and Pseudomyrmex goeldii species groups: acacia-ants and relatives (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 4227(4): 524–542. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4227.4.3. Full article (PDF) Reference page.