Bufo

Bufo bufo

分类

分类: Anura

Superregnum: Eukaryota Cladus: Unikonta Cladus: Opisthokonta Cladus: Holozoa Regnum: Animalia Subregnum: Eumetazoa Cladus: Bilateria Cladus: Nephrozoa Superphylum: Deuterostomia Phylum: Chordata Subphylum: Vertebrata Infraphylum: Gnathostomata Megaclassis: Osteichthyes Cladus: Sarcopterygii Cladus: Rhipidistia Cladus: Tetrapodomorpha Cladus: Eotetrapodiformes Cladus: Elpistostegalia Superclassis: Tetrapoda Classis: Amphibia Subclassis: Lissamphibia Ordo: Anura

Familia: Bufonidae
Genus: Bufo
Species (25): B. ailaoanus – B. andrewsi – B. aspinius – B. bankorensis – B. bufo – B. cryptotympanicus – B. eichwaldi – B. exiguus – B. formosus – B. gargarizans – B. luchunnicus – B. menglianus – B. minshanicus – B. pageoti – B. praetextatus – B. sachalinensis – B. spinosus – B. stejnegeri – B. tibetanus – B. torrenticola – B. tuberculatus – B. tuberospinius – B. verrucosissimus – B. yongdeensis – B. yunlingensis

名

Bufo Garsault, 1764: pl. 672

• 指名种: Rana bufo Linnaeus, by subsequent designation of Dubois & Bour (2010: 24), disputed by Welter-Schultes & Klug (2011: 55), who suggested that the type species is Bufo viridis Laurenti, 1768, by subsequent designation of Fitzinger (1843: 32).

异名

• Phryne Fitzinger, 1843: 32
  • 指名种: Bufo vulgaris Laurenti, 1768, by original designation.
• Pegaeus Gistel, 1868: 161
  • 指名种: Rana bufo Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation of Dubois & Bour (2010: 24).
• Platosphus de l'Isle, 1877: 473
  • 指名种: Platosophus gervais d'Ilse, 1877, by monotypy.
• †Bufavus Portis, 1885: 1182
  • 指名种: †Bufavus meneghinii Portis, 1885, by monotypy.
• Neobufo Bolkay, 1919: 295
  • 指名种: Bufo vulgaris Laurenti, 1768, by subsequent designation of Dubois (2019: 77).
• Torrentophryne Yang, Liu & Rao, 1996: 353 [as subgenus]
  • 指名种: Torrentophryne aspinia Yang, Liu & Rao, 1996, by original designation.
• Schmibufo Fei & Ye, 2016: 762 [as subgenus]
  • 指名种: Bufo stejnegeri Schmidt, 1931, by original designation.

参考文献

基本参考

• Garsault, F.A.P. de 1764. Les figures des plantes et animaux d'usage en médecine, décrits dans la Matière Médicale de Mr. Geoffroy Médecin, dessinés d'après nature. Gravés par Mrs. Defehrt, Prevost, Duflos, Martinet &c. Niquet scrip. Vol. 5. pl. 644–729. Paris: Desprez. BHL. 参考页面. 
• Laurenti, J.N. 1768. Specimen medicum, exhibens synopsin reptilium emendatam cum experimentis circa venena et antidota reptilium austriacorum, quod authoritate et consensu (In Latin). Joan Thomae: Vienna. 217 pp. BHL 参考页面. 
• Dubois, A. & Bour, R. 2010. The nomenclatural status of the nomina of amphibians and reptiles created by Garsault (1764), with a parsimonious solution to an old nomenclatural problem regarding the genus Bufo (Amphibia, Anura), comments on the taxonomy of this genus, and comments on some nomina created by Laurenti (1768). Zootaxa 2447: 001–052. 预览. 参考页面. 
• Welter-Schultes, F.W. & Klug, R. 2011. Comments on new names and nomenclatural acts of amphibians and non-avian sauropsids established by Garsault 1764 and Laurenti 1768 (response to Dubois & Bour 2010). Zootaxa 2814: 50–58. Preview. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2814.1.4. 参考页面. 

扩展参考

• Frost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., de Sá, R.O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S.C., Raxworthy, C.J., Campbell, J.A., Blotto, B.L., Moler, P.E., Drewes, R.C., Nussbaum, R.A., Lynch, J.D., Green, D.M. & Wheeler, W.C. 2006. The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 297: 1–370. DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2 ; hdl: 2246/5781 . 参考页面. 
• Litvinchuk, S.N., Borkin, L.J., Skorinov, D. & Rosanov, J.M. 2008. A new species of common toads from the Talysh Mountains of south-eastern Caucasus: genome size, allozyme, and morphological evidences. Russian Journal of Herpetology 15(1): 19–43. DOI: 10.30906/1026-2296-2008-15-1-19-43 [nonfunctional] ; ResearchGate 参考页面. 
• Recuero, E., Canestrelli, D., Vörös, J., Szabó, K., Poyarkov, N.A., Arntzen, J.W., Crnobrnja-Isailović, J., Kidov, A.A., Cogǎlniceanu, D., Caputo, F.P., Nascetti, G. & Martínez-Solano, I. 2012. Multilocus species tree analyses resolve the radiation of the widespread Bufo bufo species group (Anura, Bufonidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 62(1): 71–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.09.008 参考页面. 
• Garcia-Porta, J., Litvinchuk, S.N., Crochet, P.-A., Romano, A., Géniez, P., Lo-Valvo, M., Lymberakis, P. & Carranza, S. 2012. Molecular phylogenetics and historical biogeography of the West-Palearctic common toads (Bufo bufo species complex). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 63(1): 113–130. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.019 参考页面. 
• Arntzen, J.W., Recuero, E., Canestrelli, D. & Martínez-Solano, I. 2013. How complex is the Bufo bufo species group?. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 69(3): 1203–1208. DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.012 参考页面. 
• Othman, S.N., Litvinchuk, S.N., Maslova, I.V., Dahn, H.A., Messenger, K.R., Andersen, D., Jowers, M.J., Kojima, Y., Skorinov, D.V., Yasumiba, K., Chuang, M.-F., Chen, Y.-H., Bae, Y., Hoti, J., Jang, Y. & Borzée, A. 2022. From Gondwana to the Yellow Sea, evolutionary diversifications of true toads Bufo sp. in the Eastern Palearctic and a revisit of species boundaries for Asian lineages. eLife 11: e70494. DOI: 10.7554/eLife.70494 参考页面. 
• Qi, S., Lyu, Z.-T., Song, H.-M., Wei, S.-C., Zhong, Q.-F. & Wang, Y.-Y. 2023. A new species of stream-living toad (Anura: Bufonidae: Bufo) from Guangdong, China. Vertebrate Zoology 73: 677–689. DOI: 10.3897/vz.73.e98558 参考页面. 

其他语言

Deutsch: Echte Kröten
English: Toads
español: Sapos
Nordfriisk: Echt poden
français: Crapauds
galego: Sapos
日本語: ヒキガエル属
português: Sapos
中文: 蟾蜍屬

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